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Modeling, Simulation, and Experimental Validation of Broad Input Output Range Three Voltage Level Rectifier

“…Rectifiers are a primary tool for delivering electrical energy from the electric grid to the local consumer by converting AC voltage to DC voltage. Most switch mode power converter topologies can be utilized as a single-phase PFC rectifier [1]. The basic idea is to impose a pure resistance input impedance at the rectifier input terminal.…”

“…Nevertheless, this issue could be addressed by implementing an electronic capacitor [4]. The boost rectifier [1] is highly efficient, low-cost, and relatively simple. Nonetheless, a typical single-phase load consumes energy under a certain (much lower) voltage supply and consequently requires an additional conversion stage.…”

“…In this topology, the output voltage must be lower than the input source voltage. Thus, the buck rectifier cannot sustain continuous operation throughout the line cycle [1], and the input current is discontinued. Therefore, it cannot maintain the required power factor and total harmonic distortion.…”

“…The buck-boost rectifier, by contrast, is much more versatile since it supports a voltage step-up and step-down; consequently, a wide output voltage range is available. Nevertheless, a buck-boost rectifier is relatively less efficient; the reversing output voltage can cause a conflict with the neutral point, and the inductor peak current is higher than in a similar power boost rectifier [1]. The Vienna rectifier introduced a new approach for three-phase rectifiers.…”

“…Nonetheless, applications with low-power motors, such as airconditioners, refrigerators, etc., may require lower amplitude sine wave, where the high-voltage three-level DC bus reduces the resolution and, therefore, the accuracy of the inverter and may also harm the inverter's efficiency. The nominal charging voltage in EV applications varies between 1000 V and 100 V [1,10]. Thus, the available rectifiers can't support universal charging in a single conversion step.…”