Estonian–English Code Alternation in Fashion Blogs: Structure, Norms and Meaning

Verschik, Anna; Kask, Helin

doi:10.1057/978-1-137-56914-1_10

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…So far, research on the impact of English on Estonian and English-Estonian language contacts has been limited to studies on conventionalised lexical borrowings in Standard Estonian (Leemets 2003) and a handful of MA theses written within the scope of one or another contact linguistics theoretical frameworks and exploring the impact of English in internet communication (Igav 2013, Ratt 2017, Roosileht 2013, Vaba 2010, and Voolaid 2017. There is a small body of recent articles discussing the structure and norms of English-Estonian language contacts in blogs (Verschik and Kask 2019) and applying a combination of a cognitive approach and code-copying framework to the English-Estonian multilingual repertoire (Verschik 2019).…”

Section: Sociolinguistic Background Of Estoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Verschik (2019), monological asynchronous genres (like blogs and vlogs) provide a window into these aspects in individual language use and multilingual repertoire. The data for this study comes from Estonian fashion and lifestyle blogs and vlogs, which have proved to be a setting with much English-Estonian language contact (Kask 2016, Ratt 2017, Roosileht 2013, and Verschik and Kask 2019. This study is qualitative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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To agree or not to agree? English adjectives in Estonian-English bilingual blogs and vlogs

Kask

2020

ESUKA-JEFUL

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The article focuses on the agreement (in case and number) of English adjectives used with Estonian nouns in noun phrases (Eng ADJ + EST N) in Estonian blogs and vlogs. According to the Matrix Language Frame model (MLF), one would expect English adjective stems to take on Estonian inflections, but this is not always the case. The data comes from fashion and lifestyle blogs and vlogs that have Estonian as the main language and contain English language material to various degrees. Altogether, 84 noun phrases were analysed: in 35 instances the adjective agreed with the noun and in 46 instances it did not; in 3 instances the agreement was complicated to determine. The analysis showed that English adjectives that have a sound structure similar to Estonian adjectives as a rule agree with Estonian nouns. Factors that may lead to non-agreement are stem alternation, differences in writing and pronunciation, and personal preferences. Kokkuvõte. Helin Kask: Ühilduda või mitte? Inglise adjektiivid eestiinglise kakskeelsetes blogides ja vlogides. Artiklis uuritakse, kas eestiinglise kakskeelsetes blogides ja vlogides ühilduvad inglise adjektiivid eesti substan tiividega käändes ja arvus. Maatrikskeele raamistiku mudeli kohaselt eel datakse, et inglise tüvele lisatakse vajalikud eesti käändelõpud ja muud tunnused, siiski ei ole see alati nii. Andmed pärinevad moe-, ilu- ja elustiiliblogidest ning -vlogidest, milles põhikeel on eesti keel, kuid milles kasu tatakse ka inglise keelt. Kokku uuriti 84 nimisõnafraasi (inglise ADJ + eesti SUB), neist 35 juhul ühildus inglise adjektiiv eesti substantiiviga nii arvus kui ka käändes ning 46 juhul ei ühildunud, 3 juhul ei olnud võimalik ühildumist üheselt määrata. Analüüs näitas, et eesti substantiividega ühilduvad sellised ingliskeelsed adjektiivid, mis häälikulise ja silbistruktuuri poolest sarnanevad eesti muuttüüpide tüüpsõnadega. Mitteühildumise põhjused on astmevaheldus, erinevused kirjapildis ja häälduses, samuti informandi isiklikud eelistused.

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Section: Sociolinguistic Background Of Estoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To agree or not to agree? English adjectives in Estonian-English bilingual blogs and vlogs

Kask

2020

ESUKA-JEFUL

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“…By bilingual blogs and vlogs we mean that all entries contain either overt elements from English (insertional or alternational code-switching) or loan translations, constructions, patterns etc. More on Estonian-English blogs and vlogs see in Kask ( 2019 , 2021 ), Verschik and Kask ( 2019 ). Personal blogs and vlogs are not restricted with the notion of “correctness” and, therefore, give a picture of naturalistic language use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

English Adjectives and Estonian Nouns: Looking for Agreement?

2021

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This study investigated how speakers of Estonian as L1 with varying degree of proficiency in English judge grammaticality of bilingual constructions English adjective + Estonian noun from the point of view of adjective agreement. Estonian is rich in inflectional morphology, and adjectives agree with nouns in case and number. The empirical evidence from English-Estonian bilingual speech shows that agreement is not always the case even when an English adjective fits into Estonian declension system. It is hypothesized that the higher proficiency in/exposure to English is, the higher is the acceptability of bilingual adjective phrases, and (non-)agreement does not play a role. To test this, an experiment was designed where the test corpus of 108 sentences consisted of real and constructed examples, both in agreement and non-agreement condition. Real sentences came from fashion and beauty blogs and vlogs. The test was administered online and the participants were asked to rate adjective acceptability. The hypothesis was confirmed: increased proficiency in English, together with younger age, had a positive correlation with acceptability of all adjective types, independent of adjective (non-)agreement. Residence and birthplace had a small effect on acceptability of some adjective types. Whether sentences were real or constructed, had only a minor effect. Male participants tended to assess real sentences lower, probably because of the topics typical for female blogs. Monosyllabic consonant-ending adjectives were exceptional, as their assessment did not depend on any factor. All in all, the study demonstrated that grammaticality judgment among the native speakers of the same L1 differs because of different degrees of bilingualism, and structural factors, such as compatibility with Estonian declension system, are not decisive. Thus, it is not clear what an ideal native speaker is.

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Language Alternation in Online Forums: English Monolingual Normativity and Multilingual Practices

Ndlangamandla

2020

Scrutiny2

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Estonian–English Code Alternation in Fashion Blogs: Structure, Norms and Meaning

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

To agree or not to agree? English adjectives in Estonian-English bilingual blogs and vlogs

To agree or not to agree? English adjectives in Estonian-English bilingual blogs and vlogs

English Adjectives and Estonian Nouns: Looking for Agreement?

Language Alternation in Online Forums: English Monolingual Normativity and Multilingual Practices

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