Estradiol therapy in adulthood reverses glial and neuronal alterations caused by perinatal asphyxia

Neuronal Damage Induced by Perinatal Asphyxia Is Attenuated by Postinjury Glutaredoxin‐2 Administration

“…Therefore, the prevention of reactive gliosis has become an essential issue in the development of therapeutic interventions [79]. Previous studies have shown that perinatal hypoxia/ischemia triggers reactive gliosis in neonatal rats [36, 80]. In this study, we have shown that hypoxia/ischemia induces the characteristic reactive gliosis.…”

“…The effect of Grx2 and Trx1 treatment on astrogliosis development following the hypoxic/ischemic event was analyzed by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampal CA1 area, which previously has been reported as a particularly susceptible area in neural plasticity and development of astrogliosis [36–38]. As expected, hypoxic/ischemic rats injected with saline solution presented an approximately 30% increase in the number of GFAP positive (GFAP+) astrocytes, in comparison to sham rats treated with saline solution ( p < 0.01) (Figure 4).…”

Long lasting cerebellar alterations after perinatal asphyxia in rats

“…Reactive gliosis was previously observed in other SNC area such as hypoccampus of identical age rats (P120), using the same PA model (Saraceno et al, 2010).…”

“…The induction of asphyxia was carried out as previously described (Saraceno et al, 2010). At the time of delivery, a first spontaneous birth was allowed, dams were rendered unconscious by CO 2 inhalation and rapidly killed by decapitation and subjected to a caesarean section and hysterectomy (Dorfman et al, 2006).…”

Regulation of astroglia by gonadal steroid hormones under physiological and pathological conditions

“…The downregulation of reactive astrogliosis by estradiol has been demonstrated in male and female rodents under different neurodegenerative conditions. For instance, estradiol decreases astrocyte proliferation and glial scar formation after a stab wound injury in the cerebral cortex and in the hippocampus (Barreto et al, 2007;GarciaEstrada et al, 1999GarciaEstrada et al, , 1993, after kainic acid administration (Ciriza et al, 2004), after ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (Perez-Alvarez et al, 2012) and after perinatal asphyxia (Saraceno et al, 2010). The mechanisms involved in these actions of estradiol are still not fully clarified.…”