Introduction
In recent years, PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) use has become more popular among men without ED to enhance sexual performance. However, reports in the literature are scarce.
Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the recreational use of PDE5i in healthy young men.
Main Outcome Measures
We evaluated the recreational use of PDE5i among young and healthy men, their main reasons for use, how they were obtained these drugs, and the combination with alcohol or other drugs.
Methods
Descriptive, transversal study consisting in 400 brief surveys with structured multiple choice and open questions. Nonprobability samples (quota samples) included young men between 18 and 30 years of age in a public area (high schools, universities, and gyms) between August and November 2009. Collecting the questionnaires in a sealed box enforced confidentiality. The survey included demographic and sexual health data and PDE5i use characteristics. For statistical analysis we used Fisher’s exact and Mann–Whitney tests.
Results
A total of 321 questionnaires were appropriate for the purposes of evaluation. Mean age and standard deviation were 25.1 ± 3,3 years old. Regarding PDE5i use, 69 men (21.5%) mentioned trying the pill (being sildenafil the most commonly used one) at least one time in their lives and 37 (53.4%) men combined it with alcohol or drugs. Referred sources of acquisition PDE5i were 75.4% (N = 52) from a friend, 17.4% (N = 15) from a pharmacy/drugstore without a medical prescription, 4.3% (N = 3) prescribed by a physician and 2.9% (N = 2) through Internet. There were several reasons for taking PDE5i related to sexual confidence, erection quality, and better sexual performance.
Conclusion
According to our results, 21.5% of healthy men between 18 and 30 years old used PDE5i as a recreational drug, mostly associated with alcohol or other drugs without medical control. This could have led to misuse and a public health problem. Further studies are needed to evaluate not only PDE5i recreational use prevalence, but also psychosocial determinants, long term safety, misuse, and abuse related to it.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of 200 mg of daily vaginal natural progesterone to prevent preterm birth in women with preterm labour.Design Multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Setting Twenty-nine centres in Switzerland and Argentina.Population A total of 385 women with preterm labour (24 0/7 to 33 6/7 weeks of gestation) treated with acute tocolysis.Methods Participants were randomly allocated to either 200 mg daily of self-administered vaginal progesterone or placebo within 48 hours of starting acute tocolysis.Main outcome measures Primary outcome was delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcomes were delivery before 32 and 34 weeks, adverse effects, duration of tocolysis, re-admissions for preterm labour, length of hospital stay, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The study was ended prematurely based on results of the intermediate analysis.
To the best of our knowledge, these are the first pregnancies and normal births using oocytes that were cryopreserved in a choline-based medium. The small sample size prevents us from concluding that freezing in a low-sodium medium is superior to using a conventional one.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.