EstraMonitor – A monitor for amperometric detection of estrogenic activity with Arxula adeninivorans yeast cells as the biocomponent

Application of modified Arxula adeninivorans yeast cells in an online biosensor for the detection of estrogenic compounds in wastewater samples

“…Immobilized A. adeninivorans G1212/YRC102-hER␣-phyK cells in 'Lentikats' (prepared as described by Pham et al [5]) and nonimmobilized cells were incubated in YMM-maltose with E2, 20% (v/v) or 80% (v/v) wastewater sample at 37 • C, 220 rpm for 4 h in 48 deep-well plates. Following incubation, the Lentikats were allowed to settle and the supernatant was transferred into cryovial tubes (Cryo TubeTM Vials, Denmark).…”

“…The majority of the analytical methods and bioassays on the market to date lack online continuous or semi-continuous operation. We have previously reported the development of the 'EstraMonitor' which is able to provide online semi-continuous analysis [5]. The EstraMonitor combines recombinant Arxula adeninivorans G1212/YRC102-hER␣-phyK yeast cells as the microbial component with an amperometric detection method to analyze estrogenic contamination.…”

“…This generates electrons and produces a current which is proportional to the level of phytase activity. Since phytase activity is directly correlated with the E2 concentration, the estrogenic activity can be calculated from the current [5].…”

Use of recombinant oestrogen binding protein for the electrochemical detection of oestrogen

“…Literature regarding earlier oestrogen assays has been reviewed in our previous publications (Chelikani et al, 2011;Pham et al, 2012Pham et al, , 2013. There are two major types of assay; those which assay individual molecules and report a concentration of that molecule, e.g.…”

“…β-galactosidase (Routledge and Sumpter, 1996) and phytase (Hahn et al, 2006). Other assays have used different detection methods, which include electrochemical detection of the reporter product (Pham et al, 2012) and fluorescence produced by a reporter gene such as yEGFP, e.g. a rapid yeast oestrogen bioassay, based on the expression of green fluorescent protein (Bovee et al, 2004).…”