Estrés parental y apoyo social en familias extensas acogedoras chilenas y españolas

Abstract

Este artículo se centra en el análisis del estrés parental y el apoyo social en una muestra de familias acogedoras extensas chilenas y españolas. Estas variables se analizan teniendo en cuenta las principales características de los acogedores, de los menores acogidos y de los acogimientos. La muestra estuvo formada por 54 menores y sus familias acogedoras en Chile y por 124 niños y familias en España. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron una entrevista para acogedores creada al efecto, el Parenting Stress Index (SF) y la Entrevista de Apoyo Social de Arizona. Los resultados muestran un perfil diferenciado en los acogedores y en los acogidos en ambos países que tiende a acentuar la presencia de aspectos negativos en la muestra chilena. Aunque los resultados ponen de relieve niveles normalizados de estrés parental, también indican que las familias chilenas realizan su labor en presencia de niveles de estrés significativamente mayores que las españolas. Así mismo, las familias chilenas tienen una red de apoyo social más pequeña y se muestran menos satisfechas con el apoyo social que reciben.

The social support in kinship foster care: a way to enhance resilience

“…The profile of the foster carers and kinship foster families is similar to that found in other studies carried out with Spanish population (Jiménez & Palacios ; Del Valle et al . ; Jiménez & Zabala ; Montserrat ), that is, 46.8% are grandparents in the study carried out by Jiménez and Zabala ().…”

“…Jiménez and Zabala () noted that there are some difficulties associated with the additional load in parental role that the kinship foster families must assume. The foster parents report stress to parenting their grandchildren, and in comparison with other kinds of foster care, they receive less attention and fewer services (Bernedo & Fuentes ; Del Valle et al .…”

“…According to Farmer et al (2004), formal professional support offered to the foster families goes hand in hand in many cases with the continuity of the fostering and helps prevent failures. Jiménez and Zabala (2011) noted that there are some difficulties associated with the additional load in parental role that the kinship foster families must assume. The foster parents report stress to parenting their grandchildren, and in comparison with other kinds of foster care, they receive less attention and fewer services (Bernedo & Fuentes 2010;Del Valle et al 2011;Lee & Blitz 2014).…”

Acogimiento familiar en familia educadora en la provincia de Alicante, España: características de los recursos disponibles

“…Further, the care arrangements in the kinship care family, on many occasions will 1) repair the support network of the child's birth family, 2) improve the socioeconomic deficiencies, 3) present an advanced age, and 4) improve the state of health of the foster care family (Poyatos, 2015). Jiménez and Zavala (2011) find that a good support network in this type of family correlates negatively with parental stress. On the other hand, these authors note that a greater number of foster children have increased the levels of stress in the foster carers with respect to the burden, albeit weakly.…”

Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Kinship Care

“…This importance is related to the data provided by Baeza (2000), who considers family cohesion, adaptability to intrinsic changes in the family (e.g., roles, balance of power, norms) and family communication as key characteristics of families who face difficulties in a positive manner. Jiménez and Zavala (2011) also noted that psychological support is one of the types of support that participating families value the most. Moreover, Harnett et al (2012) stated that practical and emotional support is valued highly by foster grandparents.…”