Resumen: El presente estudio analizó el impacto de la ocurrencia de acontecimientos vitales estresantes en el ajuste adolescente. Con este objetivo, 101 adolescentes fueron estudiados en dos ocasiones, cuando se encontraban en la adolescencia media (15-16 años) y dos años después (17-18 años). Los participantes cumplimentaron instrumentos sobre acontecimientos vitales estresantes, relaciones familiares y ajuste adolescente. Los resultados mostraron la influencia significativa de este tipo de acontecimientos sobre la satisfacción vital, los problemas emocionales y, sobre todo, los problemas exteriorizantes. Además, la utilización de un análisis centrado en el sujeto reveló que los adolescentes resilientes (mucha adversidad y pocos problemas exteriorizantes) gozaban de relaciones familiares de mayor calidad que los adolescentes maladaptados (mucha adversidad y muchos problemas exteriorizantes). Por lo tanto, unas relaciones familiares positivas durante la adolescencia pueden ser consideradas como un factor de protección ante las consecuencias negativas de los acontecimientos vitales estresantes. Palabras clave: problemas internalizantes, problemas externalizantes, resiliencia, adolescencia Stressful life events, resilience and adolescent adjustmentAbstract: This study analyses the impact of the occurrence of stressful life events in adolescent adjustment. To this end 101 adolescents were studied twice, first when they were in middle adolescence (15-16 years) and then two years later (17-18 years). Participants filled out questionnaires about stressful life events, family relationships and adolescent adjustment. The results show a significant influence of this type of events on life-satisfaction, emotional problems and, specially, on externalizing problems. Besides, the use of a person-centered analysis revealed that resilient adolescents (high adversity and few externalizing problems) had family relationships of a better quality than maladaptive peers (high adversity, many externalizing problems). So, supportive family relationships during adolescence can be considered a protective factor against the negative consequences of stressful life events.

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Este artículo se centra en el análisis del estrés parental y el apoyo social en una muestra de familias acogedoras extensas chilenas y españolas. Estas variables se analizan teniendo en cuenta las principales características de los acogedores, de los menores acogidos y de los acogimientos. La muestra estuvo formada por 54 menores y sus familias acogedoras en Chile y por 124 niños y familias en España. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron una entrevista para acogedores creada al efecto, el Parenting Stress Index (SF) y la Entrevista de Apoyo Social de Arizona. Los resultados muestran un perfil diferenciado en los acogedores y en los acogidos en ambos países que tiende a acentuar la presencia de aspectos negativos en la muestra chilena. Aunque los resultados ponen de relieve niveles normalizados de estrés parental, también indican que las familias chilenas realizan su labor en presencia de niveles de estrés significativamente mayores que las españolas. Así mismo, las familias chilenas tienen una red de apoyo social más pequeña y se muestran menos satisfechas con el apoyo social que reciben.

This study's objective was to identify the adversity profiles of children in different childcare placements, and to analyze their relationship with subsequent psychological adjustment. We studied a group of 230 children 4 to 10 years old indifferent childcare placements (international adoption, institutional care, non-kin foster care, and kinship care), as well as a control group. Information was collected from parent or caregiver interviews and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The results showed that children in the child welfare system had experienced significant adversity before their current placement, especially among institutional care cases and international adoptees. Meanwhile, children in kinship care had experienced less adversity (p .50 to d > .80). After a period of time in their respective placements, children's psychological adjustment was generally positive, but children living in institutional care exhibited the most problems and difficulties, followed by non-kin foster care cases (p .50 to d > .80). Finally, we found that children's early adversity levels (p < .05; r = .16), age of current placement (p < .01; r = .23), and duration of current placement (p < .05: r = -.19) were all tied to current psychological adjustment.

Adoption breakdown has attracted an increasing amount of attention over recent years, and studies coincide in stating that the mean age at which this phenomenon occurs is early adolescence. Nevertheless, the specific factors which influence adoption breakdown, have never been empirically explored. The aim of this article is therefore to analyse these factors by comparing cases of adoption breakdown which occurred prior to the onset of adolescence with those occurring after the beginning of this developmental stage. The study explores 69 cases of adoption breakdown occurring over the course of a decade in one Spanish region, taking into consideration variables related to the adopted children, the adoptive parents, the parent-child relationship, and the professional support services provided to these families. The results reveal a clear difference in the profile of breakdowns occurring before and after the onset of adolescence and identify a series of factors which seem to have a stronger influence in each group, such as violence, timing of problems, and unrealistic expectations regarding the child. These findings have important implications for professional adoption services, such us the importance of early identification of difficulties and the provision of support during adolescence. KEYWORDSadolescence, adoption breakdown, adoption disruption, professional intervention product of a single cause, adoption breakdowns are typically the result of an accumulation of risk factors linked to the adopted child, the adoptive parents, the child-parent relationship, and the help and support provided by professional adoption services. As shown in the review by Palacios et al. (2018), the highest level of agreement can be found in relation to child-related risk factors, with older age at placement and behavioural problems being the two aspects identified most frequently in the research.However, whereas age at placement is highlighted in almost all studies, age at breakdown has received considerably less attention.Research has consistently found that it is during the early years of adolescence that most adoption breakdowns take place. Maza (2014); Palacios, Jiménez-Morago, and Paniagua (2015); Rolock and White (2016); and Selwyn, Meakings, and Wijedasa (2014) coincide in identifying age 13-14 years old as the mean age at which most premature departures from the family home take place, usually after several years of problems and difficulties (on average, between five and six, according to Selwyn et al., 2014, andPalacios et al., 2015). Nevertheless, more often than not, this information is provided at a purely descriptive level, and no in-depth analysis is offered.Just as for their nonadopted counterparts, the transition to adolescence and the teen years are a difficult developmental period for adopted children, characterized by changes that may trigger maladaptive and problematic behaviour. Both research on domestic adoptions (Miller, Fan, Christensen, Grotevant, & Van Dulmen, 2000) and studies and meta-analyses on internatio...