Estressores em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: versão brasileira do The Environmental Stressor Questionnaire

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to perform the cultural adaptation of The Environmental Stressor Questionnaire -ESQ for the Brazilian Portuguese, as well as to verify its reliability and validity. In order to ensure the equivalence between the original instrument and the Brazilian version, all methodological steps recommended in the literature regarding cultural adaptation were followed. The Brazilian version of the ESQ was applied to 106 ICU patients in two hospitals (public and private) in the interior of São Paulo State. Reliability was evaluated in relation to internal consistency and stability (test e retest) and the convergent validity was determined by the correlation between ESQ and generic questions about ICU stress. Reliability was satisfactory with Cronbach's Alfa = 0,94 and stability (ICC=0,861; IC95% 0,723; 0,933). ESQ total score displayed strong correlation with the generic questions about stress (r=0,70; p<0,0001), thus confirming the convergent validity. The conclusion was that the ESQ adapted for Brazilian culture is a reliable instrument for evaluation of stressors in the ICU. KEY WORDS RESUMENEste estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar la adaptación cultural del Environmental Stressor Questionnaire (ESQ) a la lengua portuguesa de Brasil y verificar su confiabilidad y validez. Fueron empleadas las etapas metodológicas recomendadas por la bibliografía para la adaptación cultural. La versión brasileña del ESQ fue aplicada a 106 pacientes de Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) de dos hospitales, público y privado, del interior del estado de San Pablo, Brasil. La confiabilidad fue evaluada respecto de la consistencia interna y la estabilidad (test y retest); la validez convergente fue verificada a través de la correlación entre el ESQ y pregunta genérica acerca de estrés en UTI. La confiabilidad fue satisfactoria, con Alfa de Cronbach = 0,94 y Coeficiente de Relación Intraclase = 0,861 (IC 95%; 0,723; 0,933). Se constató correlación entre el puntaje total del ESQ y la pregunta genérica sobre estrés (r = 0,70), confirmado la validez convergente. La versión brasileña del ESQ se mostró como una herramienta confiable y válida para la evaluación de estresores en UTI. DESCRIPTORES

Associação entre intensidades de dor e sedação em pacientes de terapia intensiva

“…However, in this study there was no significant association between pain and age, which is equivalent to the recent study in which elderly patients also demonstrated greater tolerance to discomforts resulting from hospitalization, including pain. (18) There was no statistical relevance between intensity of behavioral pain and gender, type of hospitalization (clinical/surgical) and clinical outcome (p>0.05).…”

“…The male gender, age under 60 years old, and mean time of 10.7 days of hospitalization of patients in this study corroborate with recent studies. (12,17,18) The prevalent specialty (neurology) can be justified according to the profile of the studied hospital that is a reference in the care of polytrauma patients, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the predominant diagnosis in these hospitalizations, which also justifies the higher incidence of surgical hospitalizations (72.1%).…”

“…When untreated, it can lead individuals to present other stressors such as anxiety and agitation. (18) One of the challenges for the treatment of pain is the deficiency of its perception by analyzing body and facial expressions, and identifying its intensity and nature of origin. Even with the initiative to make pain the fifth vital sign, professionals are often passive in relation to this theme, and less than 50% of health professionals perform pain assessment.…”

Estrés del paciente en UCI: visión de los pacientes y del equipo de enfermería

“…(4) Este, a su vez, exige una adaptación física y/o psicológica en el individuo. (5) Cabe destacar que para que haya estrés, se necesita la existencia de un factor estresante o estresor. Estos pueden presentar diversas características en la causa del estrés, pero el cuerpo se manifiesta de la misma manera, sea cual fuere la fuente.…”

Unidade de terapia intensiva: significados para pacientes em tratamento

“…Em decorrência da gravidade que envolve os quadros de pacientes que são tratados na UTI, estudos têm apontado que este ambiente acaba se tornando um espaço gerador de ansiedades, angústias, tristeza, estresse 1,3,4,5,6 . A emergência de tais sentimentos é compartilhada muitas vezes por profissionais 7 e, principalmente, por familiares 8 e pacientes 5,7,9,10 , o que contribui para o fortalecimento de crenças, significados e percepções que conferem a UTI um caráter mórbido e sombrio.…”