Estrogen and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation have a synergistic hypotriglyceridemic effect in ovariectomized rats

Kim, Suhyun; Jin, Youri; Park, Yongsoon

doi:10.1007/s12263-015-0475-1

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Our previous study showed that hepatic content of triglycerides was decreased by the downregulation of hepatic triglyceride synthesis and the upregulation of hepatic triglyceride oxidation in rats fed n-3 PUFA [34]. In addition, meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showed that n-3 PUFA supplementation improved liver steatosis and liver function in patients with NAFLD [13,14,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Blood Fatty Acid Composition and Dietary Pattern with the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients Who Underwent Cholecystectomy

Shim¹,

Choi²,

Park³

2017

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background/Aims: The relationship between diet and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with gallstone disease and in those who have a high risk for NAFLD has not been investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the association between the risk of NAFLD and dietary pattern in patients who underwent cholecystectomy. Additionally, we assessed the association between erythrocyte fatty acid composition, a marker for diet, and the risk of NAFLD. Methods: Patients (n = 139) underwent liver ultrasonography to determine the presence of NAFLD before laparoscopic cholecystectomy, reported dietary intake using food frequency questionnaire, and were assessed for blood fatty acid composition. Results: Fifty-eight patients were diagnosed with NAFLD. The risk of NAFLD was negatively associated with 2 dietary patterns: consuming whole grain and legumes and consuming fish, vegetables, and fruit. NAFLD was positively associated with the consumption of refined grain, meat, processed meat, and fried foods. Additionally, the risk of NAFLD was positively associated with erythrocyte levels of 16:0 and 18:2t, while it was negatively associated with 20:5n3, 22:5n3, and Omega-3 Index. Conclusion: The risk of NAFLD was negatively associated with a healthy dietary pattern of consuming whole grains, legumes, vegetables, fish, and fruit and with an erythrocyte level of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids rich in fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Blood Fatty Acid Composition and Dietary Pattern with the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients Who Underwent Cholecystectomy

Shim¹,

Choi²,

Park³

2017

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…The lower prevalence of NAFLD in women is speculated to be, at least in part, due to the protective effects of estrogen. Animal studies have shown that estrogen treatment to male or oophorectomized female rats decreases IHTG content (Toda et al 2001;Kim et al 2015;Jin et al 2017). Furthermore, the risk of developing NAFLD increases in women post-menopause when estrogen decreases (Ryu et al 2015).…”

Section: Sex Differences In Hepatic Lipid Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-based differences in hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride storage and metabolism

Beaudry

Devries

2019

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Women and men store lipid differently within the body with men storing more fat in the android region and women storing more fat in the gynoid region. Fat is predominately stored in adipose tissue as triacylglycerides (TG); however, TG are also stored in other tissues including the liver and skeletal muscle. Excess hepatic TG storage, defined as a TG concentration >5% of liver weight and known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is related to the metabolic syndrome. Similarly, elevated skeletal muscle TG, termed intramyocellular lipids (IMCL), are related to insulin resistance in obesity and type II diabetes. Men store more hepatic TG than women and, unsurprisingly, NAFLD is more prevalent in men than women. Women store more IMCL than men, yet type II diabetes risk is not greater, which is likely due to the manner in which women store TG within muscle. Sex-based differences in TG storage between men and women are underpinned by differences in messenger RNA expression, protein content, and enzyme activities of skeletal muscle and hepatic lipid metabolic pathways. Furthermore, women have a greater reliance on lipid during exercise because of upregulation of lipid oxidative pathways. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of sex in mediating lipid storage and metabolism within skeletal muscle and the liver at rest and during exercise and its relationship with metabolic disease.

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“…Consistent with our results, previous studies reported that oestrogen increases hepatic and blood levels of DHA but not EPA ( 8 , 41 ) . Oestrogen also increases the hepatic expressions of FADS2 ( 8 ) , ELOVL2 ( 42 ) and ELOVL5 ( 43 ) , which are modulated by increased PPAR- α ( 7 ) and decreased SREBP1 ( 44 ) . However, Kitson et al ( 8 ) reported that oestrogen has no effect on the hepatic expression of FADS1, converting 20 : 4 n -3 to EPA, which is consistent with the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-linoleic acid diet and oestrogen enhance the conversion ofα-linolenic acid into DHA through modification of conversion enzymes and transcription factors

2018

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Conversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) into the longer chain n-3 PUFA has been suggested to be affected by the dietary intake of linoleic acid (LA), but the mechanism is not well known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a low-LA diet with and without oestrogen on the fatty acid conversion enzymes and transcription factors. Rats were fed a modified American Institute of Nutrition-93G diet with 0% n-3 PUFA or ALA, containing low or high amounts of LA for 12 weeks. At 8 weeks, the rats were injected with maize oil with or without 17β-oestradiol-3-benzoate (E) at constant intervals for the remaining 3 weeks. Both the low-LA diet and E significantly increased the hepatic expressions of PPAR-α, fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 2, elongase of very long chain fatty acids 2 (ELOVL2) and ELOVL5 but decreased sterol regulatory element binding protein 1. The low-LA diet, but not E, increased the hepatic expression of FADS1, and E increased the hepatic expression of oestrogen receptor-α and β. The low-LA diet and E had synergic effects on serum and liver levels of DHA and on the hepatic expression of PPAR-α. In conclusion, the low-LA diet and oestrogen increased the conversion of ALA into DHA by upregulating the elongases and desaturases of fatty acids through regulating the expression of transcription factors. The low-LA diet and E had a synergic effect on serum and liver levels of DHA through increasing the expression of PPAR-α.

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Estrogen and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation have a synergistic hypotriglyceridemic effect in ovariectomized rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Association of Blood Fatty Acid Composition and Dietary Pattern with the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients Who Underwent Cholecystectomy

Association of Blood Fatty Acid Composition and Dietary Pattern with the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients Who Underwent Cholecystectomy

Sex-based differences in hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride storage and metabolism

Low-linoleic acid diet and oestrogen enhance the conversion ofα-linolenic acid into DHA through modification of conversion enzymes and transcription factors

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