Estrogen and Progesterone Effects on the Morphology of the Mouse Meibomian Gland.

Suzuki, Takehiro; Sullivan, Benjamin D.; Liu, M; Schirra, F.; Richards, Stephen M.; Yamagami, Hiroko; Sullivan, D. A.

doi:10.1097/00003226-200011002-00189

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…28,29 Also, several studies have suggested an association between sex hormones and morphologic changes, gene expression, or secreted lipid profiles of meibomian glands. 17,[30][31][32][33][34][35] Androgen deficiency has been shown to cause changes in the meibomian glands, 36 and hormone replacement therapy has been shown to increase the risk of dry eye syndrome. 37 All of the above-mentioned studies implied an association between sex and MGD and/or dry eye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Meibomian Gland Changes and Aging, Sex, or Tear Function

Den

Shimizu

Ikeda

et al. 2006

Cornea

157

100

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Meibomian Gland Changes and Aging, Sex, or Tear Function

Den

Shimizu

Ikeda

et al. 2006

Cornea

157

100

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“…This provides a plausible explanation for the increased frequency of dry eye in postmenopausal women despite the cessation of ovarian oestradiol production. Upon binding to their respective receptors, oestrogen and progesterone, like androgens, modulate the expression of genes that alter biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components in the meibomian gland; 14,98,99 however, oestradiol induces a pattern of gene expression in the meibomian gland that differs from that elicited by testosterone. 100 In particular, testosterone upregulates the expression of genes that support meibomian lipid production, whereas oestradiol suppresses genes associated with these functions and upregulates genes, which have the opposite effect.…”

Section: The Effects Of Oestrogen and Progesterone On The Meibomian Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…93,99 It is unclear whether oestrogen or progesterone affect the morphology of the mouse meibomian gland. 98,99 Thus, it may be the effects of androgen, rather than of oestrogen or progesterone, 93 that are responsible for the mechanisms that underlie the sex-related differences in biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components in the meibomian gland. 51,63,93 Further research is warranted to determine the definitive role of oestrogen and progesterone in evaporative dry eye.…”

Section: The Effects Of Oestrogen and Progesterone On The Meibomian Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex hormones and the dry eye

Truong

Cole

Stapleton

et al. 2014

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

121

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The greater prevalence of dry eye in women compared to men suggests that sex hormones may have a role in this condition. This review aims to present evidence for how sex hormones may affect the ocular structures involved in the production, regulation and maintenance of the normal tear film. It is hypothesised that hormone changes alter the homeostasis of the ocular surface and contribute to dry eye. Androgens impact on the structure and function of the meibomian and lacrimal glands and therefore androgen deficiency is, at least in part, associated with the aetiology of dry eye. In contrast, reports of the effects of oestrogen and progesterone on these ocular structures and on the conjunctiva are contradictory and the mechanisms of action of these female-specific sex hormones in the eye are not well understood. The uncertainty of the effects of oestrogen and progesterone on dry eye symptoms is reflected in the controversial relationship between hormone replacement therapy and the signs and symptoms of dry eye. Current understanding of sex hormone influences on the immune system suggests that oestrogen may modulate a cascade of inflammatory events, which underlie dry eye.

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“…The morphological appearance of the meibomian gland appears to be different between male and female mice. 7 Human meibomian gland secretions feature significant sex-associated differences in their neutral and polar lipid profiles. 8,9 In addition, the casual levels of meibomian gland lipids on the lid margin are higher in males than females from puberty until 50 years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%