2006
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605676103
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Estrogen receptor (ER)-β isoforms: A key to understanding ER-β signaling

Abstract: Estrogen receptor beta (ER-β) regulates diverse physiological functions in the human body. Current studies are confined to ER-β1, and the functional roles of isoforms 2, 4, and 5 remain unclear. Full-length ER-β4 and -β5 isoforms were obtained from a prostate cell line, and they exhibit differential expression in a wide variety of human tissues/cell lines. Through molecular modeling, we established that only ER-β1 has a full-length helix 11 and a helix 12 that assumes an agonist-directed position. In ER-β2, th… Show more

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Cited by 326 publications
(388 citation statements)
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“…It is generally believed that the DNA-bound receptor/ co-activator complex facilitates chromatin remodeling and formation of a stable transcription pre-initiation complex. When acting via a classic ERE-driven mechanism in vitro, ERα homodimers and ERα:ERβ heterodimers tend to be stronger activators of transcription compared to ERβ1 homodimers [44,45,49,52]. In breast cancer cell lines, ERβ transfection into ERα positive cells inhibited ligand-induced ERα-dependent transcription whereas ERα transfection had little effect on ERβ transactivation [63].…”
Section: Estrogen Receptor Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 2 more Smart Citations
“…It is generally believed that the DNA-bound receptor/ co-activator complex facilitates chromatin remodeling and formation of a stable transcription pre-initiation complex. When acting via a classic ERE-driven mechanism in vitro, ERα homodimers and ERα:ERβ heterodimers tend to be stronger activators of transcription compared to ERβ1 homodimers [44,45,49,52]. In breast cancer cell lines, ERβ transfection into ERα positive cells inhibited ligand-induced ERα-dependent transcription whereas ERα transfection had little effect on ERβ transactivation [63].…”
Section: Estrogen Receptor Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In breast cancer cell lines, ERβ transfection into ERα positive cells inhibited ligand-induced ERα-dependent transcription whereas ERα transfection had little effect on ERβ transactivation [63]. Furthermore, recent findings in prostate cancer cell lines show that non-ligand binding ERβ isoforms (ERβ2, ERβ4, ERβ5) can heterodimerize with ERβ1 under the stimulation of estrogens, but not phytoestrogens, and enhance ERβ1 transactivation in a ligand-dependent manner [45].…”
Section: Estrogen Receptor Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Splice variants of ERβ are also important, as it has been shown that at least five different isoforms exist, many of which are expressed in the prostate (Leung et al 2006). Activation of different isoforms may have opposing effects; for example, ERβ 1 is tumour-suppressing, whereas ERβ 2 is tumour-promoting in LNCaP cells (Chen et al 2009).…”
Section: Oestrogen Receptors (Er) In the Prostatementioning
confidence: 99%
“…We reported the reversible epigenetic regulation of ESR2 expression in the prostatic epithelium as it turns into pre-cancerous lesions, cancer, and finally bone metastasis. After 2 years, with my talented colleague, Yuet-kin Leung, we reported the cloning of isoforms 2, 4, and 5 of the human ESR2 (Leung et al 2006). These findings jump-started the field searching for new functions of these isoforms.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%