Estrogen receptor in rat liver and its dependence on prolactin

Chamness, Gary C.; Costlow, Mark E.; McGuire, William

doi:10.1016/0039-128x(75)90081-1

Cited by 125 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The centrilobular P-ERK1/2 staining pattern in the liver was surprising. Yet, it is well known that the different zones in a hepatic lobule have different functional properties (Chiquoine 1953;Cohen et al 1997;Tsutsumi et al 1989), that hepatocytes express estrogen as well as progesterone receptors (Chamness, Costlow, and McGuire 1975;Haukkamaa 1976), and that estrogen and progesterone have biological effects in the liver (O'Mahony, Thomas, and Harvey 2009;Schindler 2007). This supports that the observed centrilobular staining pattern for P-ERK1/2 and the dependency of the estrous cycle is biologically plausible (Figures 5E and 5F).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

In Situ Phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 in Rat Mammary Gland, Colon, and Liver Following Treatment with Human Insulin and IGF-1

et al. 2011

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High doses of insulin and the insulin analog AspB10 have been reported to increase mammary tumor incidence in female rats likely via receptormediated mechanisms, possibly involving enhanced IGF-1 receptor activation. However, insulin and IGF-1 receptor functionality and intracellular signaling in the rat mammary gland in vivo is essentially unexplored. The authors investigated the effect of a single subcutaneous dose of 600 nmol/ kg human insulin or IGF-1 on Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in rat liver, colon, and mammary gland. Rat tissues were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry by phosphorylation-specific antibodies. Insulin as well as IGF-1 caused Akt phosphorylation in mammary epithelial cells, with myoepithelial and basal epithelial cells being most sensitive. IGF-1 caused stronger Akt phosphorylation than insulin in mammary gland epithelial cells. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was not influenced by insulin or IGF-1. Rather, in liver and mammary gland P-ERK1/2 appeared to correlate with estrous cycling, supporting that ERK1/2 has important physiological roles in these two organs. In short, these findings supported that the rat mammary gland epithelium expresses functional insulin and IGF-1 receptors and that phosphorylation of Akt as well as ERK1/2 may be of value in understanding the effects of exogenous insulin in the rat mammary gland and colon.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

In Situ Phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 in Rat Mammary Gland, Colon, and Liver Following Treatment with Human Insulin and IGF-1

et al. 2011

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“…2) is equivalent to that reported for the specific oestrogen receptor sedimentating in the 8S region of sucrose gradients (Powell-Jones et al, 1980); (2) the absence of any sex difference in the amount of [3Hloestradiol binding to peak I is in agreement with previous studies Powell-Jones et al, 1980); (3) the ligand specificity of peak I (Table 1) is analogous to that described for the specific receptor (Chamness et al, 1975;Beers & Rosner, 1977;Powell-Jones et al, 1980); (4) the decrease in the amount of [3Hloestradiol binding to peak I resulting from hypophysectomy ( Fig. 8) is in accord with previous reports that hypophysectomy markedly decreases concentrations of hepatic oestrogen receptors (Chamness et al, 1975;Beers & Rosner, 1977;Powell-Jones et al, 1980). Several enzyme systems exhibit large postVol.…”

Section: Effect Ofgonadectomy On Oestrogen-binding Proteinssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Increases in hepatic synthesis of plasma renin substrate in rat (Eisenfeld et al, 1977) as well as increases in mRNA sequences for lipoprotein and vitellogenin in avian liver (Deeley & Goldberger, 1979;Chan et al, 1979) have been directly correlated with the presence of oestrogens. The demonstration that hormone binds to a specific cytoplasmic receptor in rat liver (Eisenfeld, 1974;Powell-Jones et al, 1976;Chamness et al, 1975;Viladiu et al, 1975) followed by nuclear translocation of the hormone-receptor complex (Aten et Vol. 194 al., 1978;Powell-Jones et al, 1978) suggests that the liver is a target organ for oestrogens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in hepatic oestrogen-binding proteins

Thompson

Powell-Jones

Lucier

1981

Biochemical Journal

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Gel-filtration (Sephadex G-75) analysis of hepatic cytosol reveals both qualitative and quantitative sex differences in oestrogen-binding proteins. The elution profile of[3H]oestradiol-labelled cytosol shows four species of oestrogen-binding proteins (peaks I, II, IV and V) common to both sexes. The amount of [3H]oestradiol binding in peak I is equivalent in both males and females and corresponds quantitatively to the specific oestrogen receptor. The amount of binding in the remaining three peaks is greater in males than females. In addition, an oestrogen-binding protein (peak III) is present that is unique to male cytosol. Proteinase-inhibition studies demonstrate that the observed multiplicity of oestrogen-binding proteins is not an artefact of proteolytic breakdown. Sex differences in oestrogen-binding proteins are absent in immature male and female animals; the oestrogen-binding protein profile in immature rats resembles that of an adult female. Gonadectomy of adult animals does not affect the oestrogen-bindingprotein profile. In contrast, neonatal (day 1) castration results in partial feminization of the characteristic oestrogen-binding protein profile seen in the adult male; the appearance of Peak III is suppressed and marked decreases in the amount of oestradiol binding occurs in the remaining peaks. Hypophysectomy of adult animals results in near abolishment of the observed sex differences; the male oestrogen-binding protein profile is partially feminized and the female profile is partially masculinized, as characterized by the appearance of [3Hloestradiol binding in the region of peak III and increased amounts of binding in peaks IV and V. The present studies demonstrate a multiplicity of oestrogen-binding proteins in liver cytosol and raise the possibility that the presence of some of these proteins may be imprinted at birth through the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, by a mechanism requiring neonatal androgen exposure.

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“…Specifically, the decrease in hepatic cytosolic estrogen receptor content seen after hypophysectomy can be restored partially by the administration of exogenous prolactin (26). Recently it has been shown that the administration of cyclosporine to rats causes an increase in their prolactin levels (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cyclosporine on hepatic cytosolic estrogen and androgen receptor levels before and after partial hepatectomy

et al. 1990

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Estrogen and androgen receptors within the liver have been reported to modulate the hepatic regenerative response to partial hepatectomy. Moreover, cyclosporine has several untoward effects that might occur as a consequence of alterations in sex hormone activity. To evaluate these questions the following experiments were performed. Estrogen and androgen receptors in cytosol were quantitated in livers of rats treated with cyclosporine or olive oil vehicle before and after partial hepatectomy or a sham operation. Ornithine decarboxylase activity and thymidine kinase activity were assessed as indices of hepatic regeneration. Preoperative levels of estrogen receptor activity in the hepatic cytosol were significantly greater in rats treated with cyclosporine as compared to vehicle treated controls (P < 0.01). In contrast, preoperative levels of androgen receptor activity in the cyclosporine-treated and vehicle-treated animals were similar. Following partial hepatectomy, a reduction in the activity of both sex hormone receptors in the hepatic cytosol was observed and was compatible with results described previously in normal animals. Unexpectedly the preoperative levels of ornithine decarboxylase (P < 0.01) and thymidine kinase activity (P < 0.01) were significantly greater in the rats treated with cyclosporine as compared to the vehicle treated controls. As expected, ornithine decarboxylase activity (at 6 hr) and thymidine kinase activity (at 24 hr) rose and peaked in response to a partial hepatectomy but were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the rats treated with cyclosporine as compared to the vehicle. These results show that cyclosporine treatment causes an increase in the hepatic content of estrogen receptor activity that is associated with an enhanced potential for a regenerative response. These effects of cyclosporine treatment on the sex hormone receptor lvels in liver may explain the mechanisms responsible for some of the untoward effects of treatment with this agent. Keywordscyclosporine; estrogen; androgen; hepatectomy; cytosol The presence and properties of sex hormone receptors in the liver have been studied extensively (1). However, the precise function of these receptors within the liver is unknown. Nonetheless, in mammals certain functions of the liver are known to display a sexual dimorphism (2-4). Testosterone, present in utero and after puberty, appears to be the major determinant of the differences between the sexes in hepatic function. Hepatic regeneration following a partial hepatectomy is associated with a "feminization" of the liver in male rats as manifested by an increase in the serum level of estradiol and the hepatic activity of estrogen receptors. Moreover a reduction in the serum level of testosterone and the activity of the androgen receptors within the liver occurs (1,5). Translocation of estrogen receptors from the cytosol to the nucleus in liver subjected to a prior partial hepatectomy coincides with the initiation of DNA synthesis. These observations suggest an important r...

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Estrogen receptor in rat liver and its dependence on prolactin

Cited by 125 publications

References 20 publications

In Situ Phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 in Rat Mammary Gland, Colon, and Liver Following Treatment with Human Insulin and IGF-1

In Situ Phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 in Rat Mammary Gland, Colon, and Liver Following Treatment with Human Insulin and IGF-1

Sex differences in hepatic oestrogen-binding proteins

Effect of cyclosporine on hepatic cytosolic estrogen and androgen receptor levels before and after partial hepatectomy

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