Estrogen Receptors α and β and Progesterone Receptors in Normal Bovine                Ovarian Follicles and Cystic Ovarian Disease

Salvetti, Natalia Raquel; Acosta, Juan; Gimeno, Eduardo Juan; Müller, Luis; Mazzini, R.; Taboada, A. F.; Ortega, Hugo Héctor

doi:10.1354/vp.44-3-373

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Delayed follicle regression after ovulation failure is an alternative cause of cyst formation because a preovulatory follicle that cannot be ovulated will not grow further if it regresses immediately; therefore, no cystic follicles will be formed. In addition, we have previously described significant changes in steroid receptors, including the progesterone receptor (PGR) [62][63][64]. In this context, progesterone has been shown to stimulate granulosa cell differentiation [65,66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of persistent follicles induced by prolonged treatment with progesterone in dairy cows: An experimental model for the study of ovarian follicular cysts

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of persistent follicles induced by prolonged treatment with progesterone in dairy cows: An experimental model for the study of ovarian follicular cysts

et al. 2015

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“…However, there is disagreement as to its expression in ovarian cysts. Salvetti et al (2007) showed that no changes were observed in PGR protein expression in cystic follicles, whereas Alfaro et al (2012) described a higher expression of PGR mRNA, particularly the B isoform, in the theca cells of cystic follicles compared with healthy follicles. It was found that protein expression diminished in the granulosa cells, while it remained constant in theca cells.…”

Section: Steroid Receptor Coregulators In Bovine Codmentioning

confidence: 94%

Alteration in localization of steroid hormone receptors and coregulatory proteins in follicles from cows with induced ovarian follicular cysts

et al. 2012

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Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an important cause of infertility in cattle. The altered follicular dynamics and cellular differentiation observed in COD may be mediated through a disruption of the expression of steroid receptors and their associated transcriptional cofactors. The aim of this study was to determine the protein expression profiles of ESR1, ESR2, PGR, AR, NCOA3, NCOR2, and PHB2 (REA) in ovarian follicles in an experimental model of COD induced by the administration of ACTH. Ovaries were collected and follicles were dissected from heifers during the follicular phase (control) or from heifers treated with ACTH to induce the formation of ovarian follicular cysts. Ovaries were fixed, sectioned, and stained immunohistochemically for steroid receptors and the associated transcription factors. The relative expression of ESR1 was similar in follicular cysts and in tertiary follicles from both control and cystic cows and was significantly higher than in secondary follicles. The expression of ESR2 in the granulosa was higher in cystic follicles. No differences were seen for PGR. The expression of androgen receptor was significantly increased in tertiary follicles with lower immunostaining in cysts. The expression of NCOA3 was observed in the granulosa and theca with a significantly increased expression in the theca interna of cystic follicles. The highest levels of NCOR2 expression in granulosa, theca interna, and theca externa were observed in cysts. In granulosa cells, NCOR2 levels increase progressively as follicles mature and the treatment had no effect. In summary, ovaries from animals with induced COD exhibited altered steroid receptor expression compared with normal animals, as well as changes in the expression of their regulators. It is reasonable to suggest that in conditions characterized by altered ovulation and follicular persistence, such as COD, changes in the intra-ovarian expression of these proteins could play a role in their pathogenesis.

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“…However, ERα may also have redundant effects on granulosa cells, since ERβ single knockout mice were subfertile in contrast to ERα single knockout mice, which were infertile [17]. In bovine ovaries, granulosa cells were dominant cells that express ERα and ERβ [19], indicating the varied roles of estrogen receptors among species. In any case, estradiol is essential for normal folliculogenesis, whose target is likely to be granulosa cells.…”

Section: Estradiolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follicular Growth and Atresia in Mammalian Ovaries: Regulation by Survival and Death of Granulosa Cells

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The mammalian ovary is an extremely dynamic organ in which a large majority of follicles are effectively eliminated throughout their reproductive life. Due to the numerous efforts of researchers, mechanisms regulating follicular growth and atresia in mammalian ovaries have been clarified, not only their systemic regulation by hormones (gonadotropins) but also their intraovarian regulation by gonadal steroids, growth factors, cytokines and intracellular proteins. Granulosa cells in particular have been demonstrated to play a major role in deciding the fate of follicles, serving molecules that are essential for follicular growth and maintenance as well as killing themselves by an apoptotic process that results in follicular atresia. In this review, we discuss the factors that govern follicular growth and atresia, with a special focus on their regulation by granulosa cells. First, ovarian folliculogenesis in adult life is outlined. Then, we explain about the regulation of follicular growth and atresia by granulosa cells, in which hormones, growth factors and cytokines, death ligand-receptor system and B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (BCL2) family members (mitochondriamediated apoptosis) are further discussed. O varian follicle development is a process regulated by various endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors that act coordinately to select follicles for ovulation. The vast majority of follicles (more than 99% of all follicles) fail to reach the preovulatory stage, but instead undergo the degenerative process called atresia. After the endocrine mechanisms by a hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis were elucidated, granulosa cells have been the focus of interest in numerous studies that examined the mechanisms of follicular growth and atresia. From in vivo and in vitro experiments, factors secreted from granulosa cells, including gonadal steroids, growth factors, and cytokines, were shown to be essential for the survival of granulosa cells and their eventual follicular growth. Moreover, granulosa cells were observed as initial cell populations that underwent apoptosis in atretic follicles earlier than oocytes and theca cells, suggesting their role as the initiator of follicular atresia. Factors so far associated with apoptosis expressed in granulosa cells were shown to be crucial for the precise regulation of follicular growth and atresia. Here, we provide an overview of ovarian folliculogenesis in adult life and then discuss the intraovarian factors that govern follicular growth and atresia, with special emphasis on the precise mechanisms of granulosa cell survival and death.

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Estrogen Receptors α and β and Progesterone Receptors in Normal Bovine Ovarian Follicles and Cystic Ovarian Disease

Cited by 44 publications

References 23 publications

Characterization of persistent follicles induced by prolonged treatment with progesterone in dairy cows: An experimental model for the study of ovarian follicular cysts

Characterization of persistent follicles induced by prolonged treatment with progesterone in dairy cows: An experimental model for the study of ovarian follicular cysts

Alteration in localization of steroid hormone receptors and coregulatory proteins in follicles from cows with induced ovarian follicular cysts

Follicular Growth and Atresia in Mammalian Ovaries: Regulation by Survival and Death of Granulosa Cells

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