Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women augments reactive hyperemia in the forearm by reducing angiotensin converting enzyme activity

Sanada, Mitsuhiro; Higashi, Yukihito; Nakagawa, Keigo; Sasaki, Shota; Kodama, Ichiro; Sakashita, Tomohisa; Tsuda, Mikio; Ohama, Koso

doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00434-8

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…3). Although previous studies, focused on blood flow response to RH, have not paid attention to baseline blood flow [5,22,[29][30][31][32][33][34], we should emphasize that the increased RH in the COMBO group may be partly associated with an increase in baseline blood flow. The increase in baseline blood flow and RH may be induced by angiogenesis, muscular hypertrophy and improvements of endothelial and autonomic functions [5,35,36], but further study is warranted to clarify the mechanisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of combined resistance and aerobic training on reactive hyperemia in men

et al. 2009

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Reduced response to reactive hyperemia (RH) in the extremities reflects impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the microvasculature. The aims of the present study were to determine whether resistance training and a combination of aerobic and resistance training increase the endothelial vasodilation of the forearm assessed by RH. A total of 39 young men were assigned to either high-intensity resistance training (HIR; six types of exercises, 80% 1RM x 10 repetitions x 3 sets, n = 14) or moderate-intensity resistance training (MIR; six types of exercises, 50% 1RM x 16 repetitions x 3 sets, n = 14) or a combination of high-intensity resistance training and moderate-intensity endurance training (COMBO; HIR and 60% maximal heart rate x 30 min, n = 11) groups. We measured forearm blood flow response to RH before and after 4 months of exercise intervention. All training groups increased maximal strength in all muscle groups tested (all P < 0.05). After 4 months of training, the forearm blood flow during RH increased significantly in the MIR and COMBO groups, from 57 +/- 4 to 66 +/- 7 ml/min per 100 ml tissue and from 59 +/- 6 to 74 +/- 8 ml/min per 100 ml tissue, respectively (both P < 0.05). There was no change in the response to RH in the HIR groups. In conclusion, the findings in this study demonstrate that combined resistance and aerobic training may affect the vasoreactivity response to RH in the forearm, but not resistance training alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of combined resistance and aerobic training on reactive hyperemia in men

et al. 2009

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“…29 Estrogen treatment leads to downregulation of renin and ACE, with a consequent reduction of Ang II production. 30 Moreover, treatment with estrogen has been shown to downregulate AT 1 receptor expression in aortic tissue and cultured VSMCs. 31 We also reported that 17␤-estradiol at- tenuated AT 1 receptor-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and c-fos expression, thereby inhibiting VSMC proliferation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effects of AT ₁ Receptor Blocker, Olmesartan, and Estrogen on Atherosclerosis Via Anti-Oxidative Stress

et al. 2005

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Abstracts-The present study explored the possibility that estrogen enhances the inhibitory effect of an angiotensin II type-1 (AT 1 ) receptor blocker (ARB), olmesartan, on atherosclerosis, focusing on oxidative stress using apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoEKO). After 6 weeks on a high-cholesterol diet, marked atherosclerotic lesion formation with an increase in oxidative stress, such as superoxide production, NAD(P)H oxidase activity and expression of p47 phox mRNA and rac-1 mRNA, were observed in the proximal aorta in both male and female ApoEKO mice, whereas these changes were less marked in female mice. Ovariectomy enhanced these parameters, the changes of which were reversed by 17␤-estradiol (80 g/kg per day) replacement. Treatment with olmesartan (3 mg/kg per day) significantly inhibited oxidative stress and atherosclerosis, whereas its inhibitory effects were more marked in female than in male or ovariectomized mice. Smaller doses of olmesartan (0.5 mg/kg per day) or 17␤-estradiol (20 g/kg per day) did not influence atherosclerosis and oxidative stress in ovariectomized mice, whereas co-administration of olmesartan and 17␤-estradiol at these doses attenuated these parameters. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, temocapril, also inhibited atherosclerotic changes similarly to olmesartan. Moreover, angiotensin II-mediated activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells was attenuated by 17␤-estradiol. These results indicate that estrogen and an ARB synergistically attenuate atherosclerosis at least partly via inhibition of oxidative stress.

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“…Comparisons between pre-and postmenopausal women have demonstrated reduced basal blood flow and endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women (8 -10). Other studies have demonstrated an increase in limb blood flow in postmenopausal women in response to estrogen replacement therapy (11)(12)(13), suggesting a role for ovarian hormone deficiency in the regulation of peripheral vascular function. Certain limitations to these studies, however, should be appreciated.…”

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confidence: 92%

Evidence against a role for ovarian hormones in the regulation of blood flow

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Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women augments reactive hyperemia in the forearm by reducing angiotensin converting enzyme activity

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Effect of combined resistance and aerobic training on reactive hyperemia in men

Effect of combined resistance and aerobic training on reactive hyperemia in men

Inhibitory Effects of AT ₁ Receptor Blocker, Olmesartan, and Estrogen on Atherosclerosis Via Anti-Oxidative Stress

Evidence against a role for ovarian hormones in the regulation of blood flow

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Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women augments reactive hyperemia in the forearm by reducing angiotensin converting enzyme activity

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Effect of combined resistance and aerobic training on reactive hyperemia in men

Effect of combined resistance and aerobic training on reactive hyperemia in men

Inhibitory Effects of AT 1 Receptor Blocker, Olmesartan, and Estrogen on Atherosclerosis Via Anti-Oxidative Stress

Evidence against a role for ovarian hormones in the regulation of blood flow

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Product

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Inhibitory Effects of AT ₁ Receptor Blocker, Olmesartan, and Estrogen on Atherosclerosis Via Anti-Oxidative Stress