Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems as Defense Against Flood Damages: An Economic Perspective

Barbier, Edward B.

doi:10.3389/fclim.2020.594254

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…One of the key natural resources in coastal and nearshore regions is the biogenic coverage, including mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs. The rapid loss of ecosystems within estuarine and coastal zones has raised concerns over the role of such ecosystems, particularly coastal vegetation, in protecting coastal communities from storms, floods, tsunamis and other natural calamities (Barbier 2020). Many coastal ecosystems (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of bioshields for coastal protection in Vietnam: Current status and potential

Veettil

Ward

Dung

et al. 2021

Regional Studies in Marine Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of bioshields for coastal protection in Vietnam: Current status and potential

Veettil

Ward

Dung

et al. 2021

Regional Studies in Marine Science

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“…In 1970, there was 30,200 tons of plastics floating in global oceans. By 2020, this amount had risen to nearly 1.2 million tons (Lebreton et al, 2019;Ritchie, 2019). Our exploitation and pollution of the marine environment has now reached the deep sea, which is on the verge of "industrialization, " through expansion of oil, gas and mineral extraction and trawling of deeper and deeper waters (Barbier et al, 2014;Van Dover et al, 2014;Danovaro et al, 2017;Da Ros et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greening the ocean economy

Barbier¹

2023

Front. Environ. Econ.

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The ocean economy comprises a wide range of industries—fishing, offshore energy, mineral extraction, shipping and coastal tourism. It generates $1.5 trillion in global value added and is expected to double in size by 2030. If we are to successfully green the ocean economy, we must overcome two major distortions—the underpricing of marine capital and the underfunding of ocean and coastal conservation. Many important values provided by the marine environment are ignored or discounted in our decisions to exploit, convert and pollute our coastlines and seas. The funding gap between current financing of conservation, restoration and sustainable management of marine capital and the most critical funding needs is estimated at $120–$154 billion annually. We urgently need a new global agreement for oceans and coasts that has three principal aims: (1) Phasing out subsidies for fishing, extractive activities, and other ocean industries. (2) Implementing market-based incentives, management reforms, and other regulations to reduce any remaining ecological marine damages. (3) Using any financial savings and revenues generated to support global funds and investments for conserving, restoring and protecting marine capital in an inclusive manner. There should also be more participation by the private sector in developing global marine and in bridging the funding gap for marine conservation. It is estimated that major companies in ocean industries could raise an additional $83–$186 billion each year for marine conservation investment that would also benefit their financial interests and markets.

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“…Only WCE shows an agreed increase regarding the droughts, while there is no agreement for SES and SAS [ 9 ]. Although these impacts depend on the estuarine geomorphology and management conditions, the residual and potential impacts would undermine estuaries’ ecological, economic and aesthetic values while heightening management costs [ 1 , 8 , 11 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Hence, understanding the effects of climate change and variability on estuaries’ biophysical conditions and sensitivity is vital for an informed and proactive response.…”

Section: Introduction: An Overview Of Climate Change Trends and Their Impacts On Estuariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of Climate Change and Variability on Estuarine Ecosystems: An Impact Study in Selected European, South American and Asian Countries

Filho

Nagy

Martinho

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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It is well-known that climate change significantly impacts ecosystems (at the macro-level) and individual species (at the micro-level). Among the former, estuaries are the most vulnerable and affected ecosystems. However, despite the strong relations between climate change and estuaries, there is a gap in the literature regarding international studies across different regions investigating the impacts of climate change and variability on estuaries in different geographical zones. This paper addresses this need and reviews the impacts of climate change, variability and extreme weather on estuaries. It emphasises the following: (i) a set of climate parameters governing estuarine hydrology and processes; and (ii) a sample of countries in Asia (Bangladesh), Europe (Portugal) and South America (Uruguay). We reviewed the influences of the climatic drivers of the estuarine hydrology, ecological processes and specific species in estuarine communities across the selected geographical regions, along with an analysis of their long-term implications. The key results from the three estuaries are as following: (i) Hilsa fish, of which the catches contribute to 10% of the total earnings of the fishery sector (1% of GDP), are affected by climate-forced hydrological and productivity changes in the Meghna; (ii) extreme droughts and short-term severe precipitation have driven the long-term abundance and spatial distribution of both fish larvae and juveniles/adults in the Mondego; and (iii) the river inflow and fluctuations increases since the early 1970s have contributed to variations in the salinity, the stratification, the oxygen, nutrient and trophic levels and the spatial pattern for the life stages of planktonic species, fish biomass and captures in the Rio de la Plata. The results suggested that immediate action is needed to reduce the vulnerability of estuaries to climate stressors, mainly the changing river flows, storms and sea-level rise. As a contribution to addressing current problems, we described a set of adaptation strategies to foster climate resilience and adaptive capacity (e.g., early-warning systems, dam management to prevent overflows and adaptive fisheries management). The implications of this paper are two-fold. Firstly, it showcases a variety of problems that estuaries face from changing climate conditions. Secondly, the paper outlines the need for suitable adaptive management strategies to safeguard the integrity of such vital ecosystems.

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Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems as Defense Against Flood Damages: An Economic Perspective

Cited by 16 publications

References 103 publications

The use of bioshields for coastal protection in Vietnam: Current status and potential

The use of bioshields for coastal protection in Vietnam: Current status and potential

Greening the ocean economy

Influences of Climate Change and Variability on Estuarine Ecosystems: An Impact Study in Selected European, South American and Asian Countries

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