Estudo demográfico do câncer de cólon e reto no estado de Sergipe

Abstract

(1) . O Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) informa que o câncer de cólon e reto entre 1995 e 1999 foi a quinta causa de morte por câncer nos homens, perdendo apenas para o acometimento do pulmão, estô-mago, próstata e esôfago. Entre as mulheres, se constituiu como a quarta causa de morte por câncer no país, perdendo apenas para mama, pulmão e estômago (2) . O CCR apresenta uma ampla variação de freqüência em todo o mundo, e sua incidência tem-se aumentado nos países industrializados (3,4) . Os tumores malignos que acometem o cólon e o reto a cada ano somam cerca de 945 mil casos novos, sendo a quarta causa mais comum de câncer no mundo e a segunda em países desenvolvidos. No Brasil, o CCR é o quinto tumor mais incidente em homens e o quarto, em mulheres. Estima-se que o número de casos novos de câncer de cólon e reto para o Brasil em 2006 seja de 11.390 casos em homens e de 13.970 em mulheres. Estes valores correspondem a um risco estimado de 12 casos novos a cada 100 mil homens e 15 para cada 100 mil mulheres (5) .

Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Colorectal Cancer from a Hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

“…2,5,7,10,11 The most common location was the superior rectum, closely followed by the sigmoid/rectosigmoid colon. This data is also consistent with other articles, in which these two regions appear as the most affected locations; other authors, however, report the sigmoid/rectosigmoid colon 8,10,15 or the rectum 9,16 as the most prevalent CRC site.…”

“…In our sample, most colorectal neoplasms were diagnosed in advanced stages, which is in line with literature reports. [8][9][10]12,13,15,16 In addition, the majority of cases were in stage III, which is consistent with other studies. 9,12,13,15,16 This shows that CRC diagnosis is late, occurring in stages when its resection is more complex or even impossible, reducing the chances of cure.…”

“…[8][9][10]12,13,15,16 In addition, the majority of cases were in stage III, which is consistent with other studies. 9,12,13,15,16 This shows that CRC diagnosis is late, occurring in stages when its resection is more complex or even impossible, reducing the chances of cure. Late diagnoses result from the lack of effective public policies, including the unavailability of an infrastructure for tracking medium-or high-risk subjects and the lack of population awareness through media channels, such as what occurs regarding breast cancer screening.…”

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13]15,16 In our study, virtually all subjects were Caucasian (92.5%), which is not observed in other studies evaluating ethnicity. In a study carried out in Sergipe, in the Northeast of Brazil, 16 this information was missing from 43.66% of the medical records; among the remaining subjects, 53.55% were Caucasian, 45.16% had mixed ethnicity, and 1.29% were of African descent. A study from the United States 17 showed that the incidence of CRC in African Americans is 20% higher when compared with Caucasians.…”