Ethanol extract of Gynura bicolour reduces atherosclerosis risk by enhancing antioxidant capacity and reducing adhesion molecule levels

Abstract

Context Gynura bicolour (Roxb. and Willd.) DC (Asteraceae) leaf is a common vegetable. Ethanol extracts of fresh G. bicolour leaves (GBEE) have several physiological effects, but studies on atherosclerosis are limited. Objective We investigated the oxidant scavenging ability and vascular adhesion molecule expression of these extracts. Materials and methods The antioxidant effects of 0.05–0.4 mg/mL GBEE were analyzed in vitro . Intracellular antioxidant capacity and adhesion molecule levels were detected in EA.hy926 cells pre-treated with 10–100 μg/mL GBEE for 8 h, then TNF-α for 3 h. The antioxidant capacity of red blood cells and the adhesion molecule levels in the thoracic aorta were detected in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Sprague–Dawley rats treated with GBEE for 12 weeks. Results The in vitro EC 50 values of GBEE based on its DPPH radical-scavenging ability, reducing power, and ferrous ion-chelating ability were 0.20, 3.21 and 0.49 mg/mL, respectively. In TNF-α-treated EA.hy926 cells, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels were decreased after 10, 50, or 100 μg/mL GBEE treatments (IC 50 : 19.1 mg/mL). When HFD-fed rats were co-treated with GBEE, the GBEE-H group exhibited 25% higher glutathione levels than the HFD group ( p < 0.05). E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion protein-1 levels were decreased in TNF-α-treated EA.hy926 cells after GBEE treatment (by approximately 11–73%; p < 0.05), and the above three adhesion molecules levels were decreased in HFD-fed rats with combined GBEE treatment (by approximately 30–77%; p < 0.05). Conclusions GBEE can protect the vascular endothelium by reducing adhesion molecule expression and regulating antioxidants. It may have the potential to prevent atherosclerosis.

By-Products of the Black Soybean Sauce Manufacturing Process as Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Materials for Use as Functional Foods

“…Crude protein contents were analysed according to Lowry et al [44]. Fifty microlitres of each standard of BBSL or BBSLP was added to 50 µL of trichloroacetic acid and standing for reacted for 30 min at room temperature.…”

“…The lipid peroxidation indicator thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was extracted and measured with a fluorescence microplate reader (excitation wavelength 515 nm and emission wavelength 555 nm, Bio-Tek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA). The protein levels were determined according to the method described by Lowry et al [44]. The TBARS level is shown in nmol TBARs/mg protein.…”

“…The iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB signalling molecule expression was analysed using the method described by Hsieh et al [51]. At the end of the treatment, the cells were collected in 200 µL of lysis buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, 5 mM EDTA, 0.2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and 20 µg/mL aprotinin, pH 7.4), and the protein content was determined according to the method of Lowry et al [44].…”

Lysophosphatidylcholine promotes intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells via an orphan G protein receptor 2-mediated signaling pathway

“…Three key adhesion molecules expressed on EC surfaces, including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), have been shown to influence the ability of monocytes and other leukocytes to adhere to endothelial surfaces [ 22–25 ]. Low LPC doses can promote selective ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 upregulation in human and rabbit ECs in vitro , suggesting it has the potential to influence leukocyte recruitment [ 26 , 27 ].…”