Ethanol Extract of Pseudo-stem Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citrates) and Basil Leaves (Ocimum sanctum) Increase Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) Fruit Fly Catches

Abstract

The tropical climate in Indonesia supports the presence of many types of plants that have the potential to produce abundant vegetables and fruit, however the presence of fruit flies is an obstacle to fruit and vegetable productivity. Lemongrass and basil have been studied to contain several compounds that have the potential to control fruit fly attacks. This study aims to determine the effect of the ethanol extract of lemongrass pseudo stem (Cymbopogon citrates) and basil (Ocimum sanctum) leaves on the catch of Bactrocera fruit flies and to determine the concentration of the extract that has the highest number of catches. The method used in sampling was factorial randomized block design (RBD). The ethanol extract of the pseudo-lemongrass, the extract of basil leaves or the mixture of both extract (1:1) that was given at concentrations of 15%, 30% and 45% was dropped onto a piece of cotton and for then be put within a trap before placing on the tree. The cathes obtained from each extract at each concentration were observed if they show a significant difference in the number of fruit fly. Data were tested using analysis of variance (F test) at α = 0.05, followed by the Honest Significant Difference test (HSD). The results showed that the catch obtained from ethanol extract of lemongrass pseudo stem or from basil leaf ectract as well as from their mixture had a significantly higher number of Bactrocera fruit flies than without using these extracts. The difference in extract concentration did not cause a difference in the ability to attract fruit flies. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of the pseudo stem ethanol extract of lemongrass or basil leaf ectract as well as their mixture on the catch of Bactrocera fruit flies and these extract are recommended as non-synthetic pesticidesalternatives.

Comparison of Bactrocera Fruit Fly Captures Using Basil and Celery Leaf Extracts in Karang Bayan Plantation

“…Populasi lalat buah pada bulan Februari tergolong sedikit dibandingkan dengan bulan lainnya yang bukan bulan musim penghujan. Lestari et al, (2020) melakukan penelitian pada perkebunan jambu biji pada bulan Juni yang dimana pada bulan Juni sudah masuk musim kemarau sehingga hasil tangkapan dari perangkap dengan atraktan dari ekstrak kemangi cukup banyak (500 individu). Suhu rata-rata selama 10 hari penelitian tidak mengalami perubahan besar, berkisar antara 26-29 0 C.…”

“…Daerah dengan curah hujan tinggi dapat mengganggu aktivitas lalat buah, sehingga jumlah tangkapan lalat buah menjadi rendah. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Lestari et al, (2020) juga menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan tinggi memiliki pengaruh terhadap hasil tangkapan lalat buah, di mana fluktuasi hasil tangkapan lalat buah terjadi ketika suhu rata-rata tinggi yang secara keseluruhan menyebabkan rendahnya tangkapan lalat buah selama musim hujan.…”

“…Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ariyanti et al, (2022), minyak atsiri dari daun kemangi menarik lebih banyak lalat buah daripada minyak atsiri dari cengkeh dan serai wangi. Tanaman kemangi mengandung minyak atsiri dengan komponen utama eugenol sebesar 70,5% (Kusuma, 2010), sementara tanaman seledri memiliki kandungan minyak atsiri sebesar 12,27% dari 1 kg bahan seledri (Yogautama, 2019).…”

The Effect of Lemongrass Stem (Cymbopogon citratus) and Salam Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) Ethanol Extracts on The Number of Bactrocera Fruit Flies Catches

“…Desain perangkap lalat buah dibuat menurut Lestari et al (2020). Bahan yang digunakan berupa wadah plastik air minum volume 1,5 liter.…”

“…Meskipun tidak signifikan, konsentrasi ekstrak 55% rerata tangkapannya paling banyak. Fenomena ini sesuai dengan hasil penelitian Lestari et al (2020) yang juga menemukan bahwa konsentrasi tertinggi memiliki rerata tangkapan yang juga tertinggi. Hal ini tampaknya terkait dengan konsentrasi metil eugenol di dalam ekstraknya (Efendy et al, 2010).…”