Ethanol from Nordic wood raw material by simplified alkaline soda cooking pre-treatment

Effect and characterization of sodium lignosulfonate on alkali pretreatment for enhancing enzymatic saccharification of corn stover

“…Firstly, adding suitable reagents like anthraquinone (AQ) during alkali pretreatment could stabilize carbohydrate and promote lignin removal (Von Schenck et al, 2013), but AQ was not soluble in water, which may cause inhomogeneous treatment of substrates particularly for the cooking with short heat up time and shorter cooking time (Hart and Rudie, 2014); Although the active form of AQ is the anthrahydroquinone (AHQ) which is highly soluble in water, the well penetration of AQ in the initial stage of pretreatment is still important. The surfactant with high hydrophilicity could promote chemical penetration and dissolution of lignin during pretreatment (Cao and Aita, 2013), but surfactant was usually expensive and can also bring some bubble issues in pretreatment.…”

Integration of next-generation biofuel production in the Swedish forest industry – A geographically explicit approach

“…The BB and BMG-DME plant have different sizes in relation to the BLG-DME plant depending on the specific mill. d Calculated based on data from [30][31][32][33]. e Calculated based on data from [34,35].…”

Chemical Pretreatments of Wood Chips Prior to Alkaline Pulping - A Review of Pretreatment Alternatives, Chemical Aspects of the Resulting Liquors, and Pulping Outcomes

“…Alkaline extraction of pulp wood chips prior to pulping can be considered as one promising and well integrated biorefinery process combined with an existing industrial alkaline pulping process (Yoon et al 2011;Luo et al 2012;Stoklosa and Hodge 2012;von Schenck et al 2013;Singh et al 2014). Alkaline pretreatment can shorten the cooking times and lower the need for alkali charge of the subsequent pulp cooking process.…”