Ethanol production from industrial hemp: Effect of combined dilute acid/steam pretreatment and economic aspects

Kuglarz, Mariusz; Gunnarsson, Ingólfur Bragi; Svensson, Sven-Erik; Prade, Thomas; Johansson, Eva; Angelidaki, Irini

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.049

Cited by 63 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Despite its thousands of uses, hemp by-products' potential as an energy feedstock is yet to be examined in depth. To date, few works have identified industrial hemp as an energy crop (for instance, a potential energy crop to produce bioenergy in [20]; ethanol production in [21,22]; methyl ester production in [23]; pyrolysis feedstock in [24]; biomass for thermochemical processes in [5]; combustion in [25,26]; co-firing in coal and peat power stations in [27]; and gasification or co-firing in [28]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for Green Energy through Emerging Crops: Biogas Valorization of Cannabis sativa L. Residues

Asquer

Melis

Scano

et al. 2019

Climate

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The present work shows the experimental evidence carried out on a pilot scale and demonstrating the potential of Cannabis sativa L. by-products for biogas production through anaerobic digestion. While the current state-of-the-art tests on anaerobic digestion feasibility are carried out at the laboratory scale, the here described tests were carried out at a pilot-to-large scale. An experimental campaign was carried out on hemp straw residues to assess the effective performance of this feedstock in biogas production by reproducing the real operating conditions of an industrial plant. An organic loading rate was applied according to two different amounts of hemp straw residues (3% wt/wt and 5% wt/wt). Also, specific bioenhancers were used to maximize biogas production. When an enzymatic treatment was not applied, a higher amount of hemp straw residues determined an increase of the median values of the gas production rate of biogas of 92.1%. This reached 116.6% when bioenhancers were applied. The increase of the specific gas production of biogas due to an increment of the organic loading rate (5% wt/wt) was +77.9% without enzymatic treatment and it was +129.8% when enzymes were used. The best management of the biodigester was found in the combination of higher values of hemp straw residues coupled with the enzymatic treatment, reaching 0.248 Nm 3 ·kg volatile solids −1 of specific biogas production. Comparisons were made between the biogas performance obtained within the present study and those found in the literature review coming from studies on a laboratory scale, as well as those related to the most common energy crops. The hemp straw performance was similar to those provided by previous studies on a laboratory scale. Values reported in the literature for other lignocellulosic crops are close to those of this work. Based on the findings, biogas production can be improved by using bioenhancers. Results suggest an integration of industrial hemp straw residues as complementary biomass for cleaner production and to contribute to the fight against climate change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for Green Energy through Emerging Crops: Biogas Valorization of Cannabis sativa L. Residues

Asquer

Melis

Scano

et al. 2019

Climate

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“…20 hours the significant slowdown in monosaccharide release from ray straw biomass can be observed. It can be hypothesized as being a negative effect caused by the hindered access of enzyme molecules to the substrate, or by adsorption of enzymes molecules on lignin chains, as well as it can also be associated with inhibition of enzymes by products or instability of enzyme molecules in reaction conditions [17,18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Activity of Some Industrially-Applied Cellulolytic Enzyme Preparations

Dąbkowska

Mech

Kopeć

et al. 2017

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Enzymatic hydrolysis is the essential step in the production of 2 nd generation biofuels made from lignocellulosic biomass, i.e. agricultural or forestry solid wastes. The enzyme-catalysed robust degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose to monosaccharides requires the synergistic action of the independent types of highly-specific enzymes, usually offered as ready-to-use preparations. The basic aim of the study was to experimentally determine the enzymatic activity of two widely industrially-applied, commercially available cellulolytic enzyme preparations: (i) Cellic ® CTec2 and (ii) the mixture of Celluclast ® 1.5L and Novozyme 188, in the hydrolysis of pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass, i.e. (a) energetic willow and (b) rye straw, or untreated (c) cellulose paper as well, used as feedstocks. Before the hydrolysis, every kind of utilized lignocellulosic biomass was subjected to alkaline-based (10% NaOH) pre-treatment at high-temperature (121°C) and overpressure (0.1 MPa) conditions. The influence of the type of applied enzymes, as well as their concentration, on the effectiveness of hydrolysis was quantitatively evaluated, and finally the enzyme activities were determined for each of tested cellulolytic enzyme preparations.

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“…Enzymatic hydrolysis using Cellic ® CTec2 at the dosage of 15 filter paper unit [FPU]•g -1 glucan was conducted at a solid loading of 5 % in a 50 mM sodium citrate buffer, pH = 4.8 at 50 o C for 48 h. Due to the fact that the feedstock after tested pretreatment methods contained considerable amount of xylan, 20 % of Cellic ® CTec2 dosage was also replaced by Cellic ® HTec2, reach in endoxylanases. Glucose and xylose yields obtained during enzymatic hydrolysis as well as total hydrolysis yields (pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis) were calculated according to formulas presented in our previous studies [6].…”

Section: Enzymatic Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For ethanol production, biomass after pretreatment (80 % of glycerol, 2 % NaOH, 12.5 % w•w -1 biomass solid loading) and enzymatic hydrolysis (Cellic ® CTec2 with 20 % supplementation of Cellic ® HTec2) was used. Hydrolysed biomass was supplemented with 5 % v•v -1 of S. cerevisiae and minerals as previously described [6]. The fermentation was performed at 30 °C for 48 h in 300 cm 3 Pyrex flasks equipped with air locks.…”

Section: Ethanol Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, an increased interest on hemp research and cultivation has been observed [3,4]. Besides its traditional usage as isolation material and substrate used in textile industry, hemp has been tested as solid fuel as well as feedstock for biofuels (biogas, biohydrogen, bioethanol) [5,6] or bio-chemicals (succinic and lactic acid, furfural) production [7][8][9]. Additionally, hemp was tested as feedstock for integrated biofuels (bioethanol and biogas) [10] as well as bioethanol coupled with succinic acid production [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Production of Biofuels and Succinic Acid from Biomass after Thermochemical Pretreatments

Kuglarz

Grűbel

2018

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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The aim of this study was to develop an effective thermochemical method for treatment of industrial hemp, in order to increase its bioconversion to biofuels and bio-products. Industrial hemp was subjected to various thermochemical pretreatments using: alkaline (3 % NaOH), oxidative (3 % H2O2 at pH 11.5) and glycerol-based methods (70-90 % of glycerol, 1-3 % NaOH), prior to enzymatic hydrolysis with Cellic® CTec2/Cellic® HTec2 (15 FPU∙g−1 glucan). Innovative pretreatment with glycerol fraction (80 % glycerol content, 2 % NaOH, 12.5 % biomass loading) showed to be superior over commonly used alkaline and oxidative methods with respect to by-products generation and sugar losses. Integrated process of ethanol production from enriched cellulose fraction (172 kg EtOH∙Mg−1 of dry hemp) and succinic production from xylose-rich residue after ethanol fermentation (59 kg∙Mg−1 of dry hemp) allowed to convert about 97 % of sugars released (glucose and xylose) during enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated biomass. The present study showed that it is possible to replace 50 % of the costly yeast extract, used during succinic fermentation as nitrogen source, by alternative nitrogen source (rapeseed cakes) without significant deterioration of succinic yield. Pretreatment liquor after lignin precipitation (52 kg∙Mg−1 of biomass treated) exhibited a high biodegradability (92 %) and allowed to produce 420 m3 CH4/Mg VS). Results obtained in this study clearly document the possibility of biofuels (bioethanol, biogas) and bio-chemicals production from industrial hemp, in a biorefinery approach.

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Ethanol production from industrial hemp: Effect of combined dilute acid/steam pretreatment and economic aspects

Cited by 63 publications

References 31 publications

Opportunities for Green Energy through Emerging Crops: Biogas Valorization of Cannabis sativa L. Residues

Opportunities for Green Energy through Emerging Crops: Biogas Valorization of Cannabis sativa L. Residues

Enzymatic Activity of Some Industrially-Applied Cellulolytic Enzyme Preparations

Integrated Production of Biofuels and Succinic Acid from Biomass after Thermochemical Pretreatments

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