Ethanol withdrawal and proclivity are inversely related in rats selectively bred for differential saccharin intake

Impulsivity as a behavioral measure of withdrawal of orally delivered PCP and nondrug rewards in male and female monkeys

“…Increased impulsivity during food RES in male vs female rats is in agreement with other studies in which male rats were more sensitive than females to acoustic startle and reduced intake of an ETOH-paired flavored solution ETOH during ETOH withdrawal (Dess et al 2005) as well as earlier studies that involved experimenter-administered drug and withdrawal (Cicero et al 2002;Devaud and Chadda 2001;Suzuki et al 1985Suzuki et al , 1988. The present results support the hypothesis that males are more sensitive to the aversive effects of drugs than females.…”

Impulsivity (delay discounting) for food and cocaine in male and female rats selectively bred for high and low saccharin intake

“…LoS females in the present study had scores of 21.18 (± 2.39; food group) and 9.62 (± 2.68; cocaine group), and in previous studies they had scores of 13.4 and 8.7 (Carroll et al, 2002) or 21.5, 9.0, and17.6 (Perry et al, 2006a). There was a similar pattern for the HiS and LoS males; such that in both the present and in recent studies Dess et al, 2005), HiS rats had higher saccharin phenotype scores than LoS rats, and females had higher saccharin phenotype scores than males. In the present study, HiS and LoS female food groups had significantly higher saccharin phenotype scores than their respective drug groups.…”

“…Similarly, HiS rats outperform LoS rats under many of the same drug-related conditions, such as acquisition , escalation (Perry et al, 2006a), and reinstatement (Perry et al, 2006a) of drug-seeking behavior. Interestingly, one area where males show a greater drug effect than females is in disruptions in operant behavior during drug withdrawal (Perry et al, 2006b), and recent evidence suggests that LoS rats also exceed HiS rats in their behavioral suppression during drug withdrawal (Dess et al, 2005). The literature and the present results emphasize the salience of selective breeding for saccharin intake and sex as factors that influence vulnerability to drug abuse.…”

Effects of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and α2A-adrenoceptor (C-1291G) genotypes on substance use in children and adolescents: a longitudinal study

“…We found this single-nucleotide polymorphism to be associated with sweet products consumption in children (Mäestu et al 2007). Interestingly, in animal studies, rats that are bred for high sweet consumption also administer more alcohol (Dess et al 1998(Dess et al , 2005 and other drugs (Carroll et al 2002(Carroll et al , 2007 than less sweet consuming rats. The opposite is also true; that is, rats with high alcohol consumption also display an increased preference for sweets compared with low alcohol-consuming animals (Eiler et al 2005;Grahame et al 1999;Stewart et al 1994).…”