Ethical and scientific issues of gene-edited twin by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats Cas9 technology

Harnessing the potential of CRISPR-based platforms to advance the field of hospital medicine

“…However, access to these methodologies has been largely consigned to research laboratories. It is incumbent upon clinicians to familiarize themselves with CRISPR to both understand how it may benefit patients and to help identify future areas of inquiry [89]. As technical and ethical questions regarding the use of CRISPR in humans continue to mount, hospitalists must take a more active role in the discussions to ensure that relevant stakeholders have a say in determining how this technology is implemented.…”

“…But this area of research comes with certain risks and important caveats [95]. CRISPR-based human genome editing comes in two forms: heritable germline editing, and nonheritable somatic modifications [36,89]. The former results in genetic changes that are passed on to future generations and is currently prohibited to clinical researchers [21,96].…”

Prediction of off-target effects of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for design of sgRNA

“…However, this method has not been perfected as the limitation of 20 nucleotides in the sgRNA exposes this method to the possibility of being off-target [31][32][33][34] . Since it only contains 20 nucleotides, the same sequence is vulnerable to repetition within the genome and therefore the Cas9 enzyme has the possibility of being guided to the wrong locus, which in turn leads to mutations [35][36][37][38][39] .…”