Ethical defaults: which transparency components can increase the effectiveness of default nudges?

Who can be nudged? Examining nudging effectiveness in the context of need for cognition and need for uniqueness

“…Our results revealed significant default and social influence effects in both experiments, and also that the combination of both nudges leads to stronger nudging effects than each nudge individually. As such, they add to the growing body of evidence on nudges in general, and to the additive nature of defaults and information, in particular (Paunov et al, 2019a, 2019b) However, we only find a weak influence of NFC in Experiment 1 on default effectiveness that could not be replicated in Experiment 2. Hence, we conclude that if NFC has an impact on nudge effectiveness it is very small 3 and that nudges are effective even for high NFC individuals.…”

“…Default effects are considered as a robust and well‐established strategy to influence choice behavior (Jachimowicz et al, 2019), and they provide a powerful intervention for many different applied contexts like prosocial behavior, such as organ donation (Johnson & Goldstein, 2003), blood donation (Stutzer et al, 2011), and research participation (Paunov, Wänke, & Vogel, 2019a, 2019b), but also in consumer behavior, such as the compensation of CO2 emissions (Bruns, Kantorowicz‐Reznichenko, Klement, Jonsson, & Rahali, 2018; Székely, Weinmann, & Vom Brocke, 2016) and consumer product choices (Brown & Krishna, 2004).…”

The effectiveness of behavioral economics-informed interventions on physician behavioral change: A systematic literature review

“…Based on our findings, default interventions seem most effective when targeting behaviors contained within an electronic system such as prescription or test orders due to its simplicity in implementation and workflow integration. It may also be helpful to be transparent when implementing default interventions research has shown disclosure to engender trust [59,60]. For organizations engaged in a culture of feedback, we found incorporating social reference points for individuals to be effective in guiding individuals to evaluate their own performance and engage in upward comparison.…”

“…Literature suggests that effectiveness may increase when more mechanisms of action are activated [56]. Additionally, increasing evidence suggests that disclosure of a default may further increase the intervention effectiveness [59,60]. It is theorized that transparent disclosures can foster positive inferences such as trust and credibility of the default intervention implementor thereby increasing compliance, which aligns with the postulated endorsement mechanism.…”

Do nudges make use of automatic processing? Unraveling the effects of a default nudge under type 1 and type 2 processing

“…Bang et al, 2020;Bruns et al, 2018;Kroese et al, 2015;Loewenstein et al, 2015;Steffel et al, 2016). In fact, there is also some evidence that default nudges become more effective with transparency information (Paunov et al, 2019a(Paunov et al, , 2019b). Yet, the mere provision of transparency information does not guarantee that decisionmakers take this information (sufficiently) into account (Kroese et al, 2015), and that they deliberate upon their decision (Loewenstein, Sunstein, & Golman, 2014).…”