Ethical, green and sustainable nuclear medicine

Perkins, Alan C.

doi:10.1007/s00259-013-2420-0

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…There are two ways to produce Mo-99 to obtain Tc99 m.[1213141516] The more common method occurs in a nuclear reactor by either fission of uranium-235 (U-235) or activation of molybdenum-98 targets. The former is more efficient and considered the “gold standard.”[12] The IAEA is accelerating the elimination of the worldwide use of highly enriched uranium (HEU) from medical isotope production in favor of low-enriched uranium (LEU).…”

Section: Molybdenum-technetium Supply Chain: the International Standamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any interruption along the supply chain of Mo-99 can have substantial impacts on patient care. [11121314151617] The international coordination of operational programs between producing organizations has helped to minimize global interruptions in medical isotope production, yet the global supply chain remains vulnerable to disruption. [1819]…”

Section: Molybdenum-technetium Supply Chain: the International Standamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ensuring effective and sustainable radionuclide delivery and its impact on the development of nuclear medicine in the developing world with special reference to Nigeria

2019

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Recent activities of Boko Haram, a local extremist group in Nigeria, raise concerns about a nuclear terrorist attack. Whereas nuclear medicine (NM) relies on the timely delivery of radioactive sources, a robust security structure that assures public safety is the backbone for its beneficial use. NM radionuclides have short half-lives and carry an insignificant risk for acts of terrorism. Yet, their importation and delivery in Nigeria receive undue scrutiny in a bid to implement a strict nuclear security regime. These actions prevent timely delivery of radionuclides with direct consequences on quality and economic viability of nuclear medicine. There have been no accounts of terrorist acts accomplished with NM radionuclides. Thus, it is important the NM community question the current approach that has contributed to the loss of NM services in Nigeria and proposes a more logical strategy for securing their supply. We also highlight the need for developing local pragmatic solutions when implementing global recommendations in developing countries.

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Section: Molybdenum-technetium Supply Chain: the International Standamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molybdenum-technetium Supply Chain: the International Standamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ensuring effective and sustainable radionuclide delivery and its impact on the development of nuclear medicine in the developing world with special reference to Nigeria

2019

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“…On a geologic timescale, uranium has incorporated itself into over two hundred minerals that are found naturally occurring in the Earth's crust. These minerals become very pertinent in a wide variety of scientific and technological endeavors that include mining, [1,2] metallurgy, [3,4] nuclear energy for fuel, [5,6] medicine, [7,8] environmental research, [9,10] and oceanography. [11,12] As a matter of fact, hexavalent uranium(VI) is present in all of these mineral varieties and is able to migrate with different retention rates through the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic markers for uranium(vi) phosphates: a vibronic study

et al. 2015

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Optical spectroscopic fingerprints of several uranium phosphates relevant for environmental sustainability have been determined. The studied minerals contain uranium(VI) cation coordination centers linked to phosphate functional groups and water molecules. Easy and fast identification of these minerals in their bulk state is possible by using either Raman, infrared, optical, or photoluminescence spectroscopy. Simple density functional theory vibrational modeling is presented to identify the main vibrational lines. These affordable methods of spectroscopy can be readily employed in optical remote sensing to identify uranyl species in groundwater, soil, or other geologic samples and in biological specimen for the purpose of tracking radionuclide transport, pollution, and of soluble uranium remediation by uranyl phosphates precipitation.

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“…2, 5, 6 The polyanionic properties of aptamers along with their small size (∼15 kDa), favor short circulating plasma halflives and high permeability in solid tumors, thereby facilitating the delivery of radionuclides for imaging and potentially cancer therapy. 3, 4, 7 In addition, RNA aptamers are readily chemically synthesized. Chemical synthesis facilitates the inclusion of (1) modified nucleotides (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3, 4, 7 While the results of these studies are encouraging, the radiolabeling of bioconjugates with these gamma-emitting radionuclides generally requires conditions that are problematic for use with RNA aptamers. For example, efficient radiolabeling with 111 In and 99m Tc generally requires higher temperatures (>90°C) and sub-physiologic pH conditions (< 5 for 111 In) at which RNA is chemically unstable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and radiolabeling of chelator–RNA aptamer bioconjugates with copper-64 for targeted molecular imaging

Rockey

Huang

Kloepping

et al. 2011

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry

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Ribonucleic acid (RNA) aptamers with high affinity and specificity for cancer-specific cell-surface antigens are promising reagents for targeted molecular imaging of cancer using positron emission tomography (PET). For this application, aptamers must be conjugated to chelators capable of coordinating PET-radionuclides (e.g. copper-64, 64Cu) to enable radiolabeling for in vivo imaging of tumors. This study investigates the choice of chelator and radiolabeling parameters such as pH and temperature for the development of 64Cu-labeled RNA-based targeted agents for PET imaging. The characterization and optimization of labeling conditions are described for four chelator-aptamer complexes. Three commercially available bifunctional macrocyclic chelators (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid mono N-hydroxysuccinimide [DOTA-NHS]; S-2-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid [p-SCN-Bn-NOTA]; and p-SCN-Bn-3,6,9,15-tetraazabicyclo [9.3.1]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene-3,6,9-triacetic acid [p-SCN-Bn-PCTA]), as well as the polyamino-macrocyclic diAmSar (3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6] icosane-1,8-diamine) were conjugated to A10–3.2, a RNA aptamer which has been shown to bind specifically to a prostate cancer-specific cell-surface antigen (PSMA). Although a commercial bifunctional version of diAmSar was not available, RNA conjugation with this chelator was achieved in a two-step reaction by the addition of a disuccinimidyl suberate linker. Radiolabeling parameters (e.g. pH, temperature, and time) for each chelator-RNA conjugate were assessed in order to optimize specific activity and RNA stability. Furthermore, the radiolabeled chelator-coupled RNA aptamers were evaluated for binding specificity to their target antigen. In summary, key parameters were established for optimal radiolabeling of RNA aptamers for eventual PET imaging with 64Cu.

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Ethical, green and sustainable nuclear medicine

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Ensuring effective and sustainable radionuclide delivery and its impact on the development of nuclear medicine in the developing world with special reference to Nigeria

Ensuring effective and sustainable radionuclide delivery and its impact on the development of nuclear medicine in the developing world with special reference to Nigeria

Spectroscopic markers for uranium(vi) phosphates: a vibronic study

Synthesis and radiolabeling of chelator–RNA aptamer bioconjugates with copper-64 for targeted molecular imaging

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