Ethical Implications of Closed Loop Brain Device: 10-Year Review

Aggarwal, Swati; Chugh, Nupur

doi:10.1007/s11023-020-09518-7

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…To better manage personality issues, psychometric self-image measurements could be used before an experiment is initiated [ 17 ]. Moreover, the need for establishing a qualitative methodology to capture disturbances (in terms of identity and self-action) due to the application of invasive BCIs is suggested by other researchers [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Ethical Issues of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs): A Blessing or the Beginning of a Dystopian Future?

Livanis,

Voultsos,

Vadikolias

et al. 2024

Cureus

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In recent years, scientific discoveries in the field of neuroscience combined with developments in the field of artificial intelligence have led to the development of a range of neurotechnologies. Advances in neuroimaging systems, neurostimulators, and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are leading to new ways of enhancing, controlling, and "reading" the brain. In addition, although BCIs were developed and used primarily in the medical field, they are now increasingly applied in other fields (entertainment, marketing, education, defense industry). We conducted a literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to provide background information about ethical issues related to the use of BCIs. Among the ethical issues that emerged from the thematic data analysis of the reviewed studies included questions revolving around human dignity, personhood and autonomy, user safety, stigma and discrimination, privacy and security, responsibility, research ethics, and social justice (including access to this technology). This paper attempts to address the various aspects of these concerns. A variety of distinct ethical issues were identified, which, for the most part, were in line with the findings of prior research. However, we identified two nuances, which are related to the empirical research on ethical issues related to BCIs and the impact of BCIs on international relationships. The paper also highlights the need for the cooperation of all stakeholders to ensure the ethical development and use of this technology and concludes with several recommendations. The principles of bioethics provide an initial guiding framework, which, however, should be revised in the current artificial intelligence landscape so as to be responsive to challenges posed by the development and use of BCIs.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Ethical Issues of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs): A Blessing or the Beginning of a Dystopian Future?

Livanis,

Voultsos,

Vadikolias

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…The use of write-in BCIs may change users' cognition, behaviors, and self-perception, thereby affecting their identity (Gilbert et al, 2017). Researchers have delved into the connection between BCIs and identity, investigating the potential for BCIs to modify a user's identity and induce psychological changes, among various other factors (Tamburrini, 2009;Klein, 2015;Glannon, 2016;Gilbert et al, 2018;Aggarwal and Chugh, 2020).…”

Section: Ethical Challenges Of Write-in Bcismentioning

confidence: 99%

The functional differentiation of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) and its ethical implications

Sun,

2023

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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The growth of research and applications of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) has spurred extensive discussion about their ethical implications. However, most existing research has primarily examined ethical issues related to BCIs from a general perspective, with little attention paid to the specific functions of the technology. This has resulted in a mismatch between governance and ethical issues, due to the lack of differentiation between write-in and read-out BCIs. By providing detailed descriptions of the functions and technical approaches of both write-in and read-out BCIs, we argue that ethical governance of BCIs should follow the principle of precise governance and develop refined governance strategies for different functional types of BCIs.

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“…In addition, one could raise the question of whether imposing a CBD upon an individual, influencing her brain processes, interferes with the individual's (narrative) identity. 40 Note, however, that infringements of the right to private life do not necessarily imply a violation of this right. An infringement with the rights guaranteed by Article 8(1) ECHR can be justified if it complies with the requirements of Article 8(2) ECHR-that is, if it is in accordance with the law and necessary in a democratic society for the legitimate interest of, inter alia, the prevention of crime.…”

Section: Freedom Of Thoughtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed-Loop Brain Devices in Offender Rehabilitation: Autonomy, Human Rights, and Accountability

Ligthart

Kooijmans

Douglas

et al. 2021

Camb Q Healthc Ethics

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The current debate on closed-loop brain devices (CBDs) mainly focuses on their use in a medical context; possible criminal justice applications have only received incidental scholarly attention. Unlike in medicine, in criminal justice, CBDs might be offered on behalf of the State and for the purpose of protecting security, rather than realizing healthcare aims. It would be possible to deploy CBDs in the rehabilitation of convicted offenders, similarly to the much-debated possibility of employing other brain interventions in this context. Although such use of CBDs could in principle be consensual, there are significant differences between the choice faced by a criminal offender offered a CBD in the context of criminal justice, and that faced by a patient offered a CBD in an ordinary healthcare context. Employment of CBDs in criminal justice thus raises ethical and legal intricacies not raised by healthcare applications. This paper examines some of these issues under three heads: autonomy, human rights, and accountability.

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Ethical Implications of Closed Loop Brain Device: 10-Year Review

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Understanding the Ethical Issues of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs): A Blessing or the Beginning of a Dystopian Future?

Understanding the Ethical Issues of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs): A Blessing or the Beginning of a Dystopian Future?

The functional differentiation of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) and its ethical implications

Closed-Loop Brain Devices in Offender Rehabilitation: Autonomy, Human Rights, and Accountability

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