Ethical, legal and social aspects of the approach in Sudan

Sayed, Badria B El; Malcolm, C. A.; Babiker, Ahmed; Malik, Elfatih M.; Tayeb, Mohammed A. H. El; Saeed, Nageeb S.; Nugud, Abdel Hameed D.; Knols, Bart G. J.

doi:10.1186/1475-2875-8-s2-s3

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Wild females that mate with sterile males do not produce viable offspring. SITs have been successfully deployed against a variety of insect pests but have so far had limited success against mosquito vector control [98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108]. For the control of large and complex African malaria vector populations, SIT is usually not considered a realistic strategy due to the large scale of releases required [109].…”

Section: Sterile Mosquito Releasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for new vector control approaches targeting outdoor biting anopheline malaria vector communities

2020

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Since the implementation of Roll Back Malaria, the widespread use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) is thought to have played a major part in the decrease in mortality and morbidity achieved in malaria-endemic regions. In the past decade, resistance to major classes of insecticides recommended for public health has spread across many malaria vector populations. Increasingly, malaria vectors are also showing changes in vector behaviour in response to current indoor chemical vector control interventions. Changes in the time of biting and proportion of indoor biting of major vectors, as well as changes in the species composition of mosquito communities threaten the progress made to control malaria transmission. Outdoor biting mosquito populations contribute to malaria transmission in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa and pose new challenges as they cannot be reliably monitored or controlled using conventional tools. Here, we review existing and novel approaches that may be used to target outdoor communities of malaria vectors. We conclude that scalable tools designed specifically for the control and monitoring of outdoor biting and resting malaria vectors with increasingly complex and dynamic responses to intensifying malaria control interventions are urgently needed. These are crucial for integrated vector management programmes designed to challenge current and future vector populations.

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Section: Sterile Mosquito Releasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for new vector control approaches targeting outdoor biting anopheline malaria vector communities

2020

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“…The community engagement plan can be used to demonstrate accountability to ethics boards by having appropriate and relevant communication, and associated risk assessment, based on an inventory of identified plausible risks [28,31]. There are particular ethical considerations for trials taking place in regions where education and literacy may be limited and communication plans are vital [32].…”

Section: Ethical Approvalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) against Aedes Species Mosquitoes: A Roadmap and Good Practice Framework for Designing, Implementing and Evaluating Pilot Field Trials

Oliva

Benedict²,

Collins

et al. 2021

Insects

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Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti are invasive mosquito species that impose a substantial risk to human health. To control the abundance and spread of these arboviral pathogen vectors, the sterile insect technique (SIT) is emerging as a powerful complement to most commonly-used approaches, in part, because this technique is ecologically benign, specific, and non-persistent in the environment if releases are stopped. Because SIT and other similar vector control strategies are becoming of increasing interest to many countries, we offer here a pragmatic and accessible ‘roadmap’ for the pre-pilot and pilot phases to guide any interested party. This will support stakeholders, non-specialist scientists, implementers, and decision-makers. Applying these concepts will ensure, given adequate resources, a sound basis for local field trialing and for developing experience with the technique in readiness for potential operational deployment. This synthesis is based on the available literature, in addition to the experience and current knowledge of the expert contributing authors in this field. We describe a typical path to successful pilot testing, with the four concurrent development streams of Laboratory, Field, Stakeholder Relations, and the Business and Compliance Case. We provide a graphic framework with criteria that must be met in order to proceed.

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“…The project receives full backing from the Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Health alongside the National Malaria Control Programme and Tropical Medicine Research Institute in Khartoum. Recently a donors meeting succeeded in attracting one million USD for the project [ 43 ].…”

Section: Feasibility Studies For An Arabiensis Simentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual framework and rationale

Robinson

Knols

Voigt

et al. 2009

Malar J

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The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been shown to be an effective and sustainable genetic approach to control populations of selected major pest insects, when part of area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programmes. The technique introduces genetic sterility in females of the target population in the field following their mating with released sterile males. This process results in population reduction or elimination via embryo lethality caused by dominant lethal mutations induced in sperm of the released males. In the past, several field trials have been carried out for mosquitoes with varying degrees of success. New technology and experience gained with other species of insect pests has encouraged a reassessment of the use of the sterility principle as part of integrated control of malaria vectors. Significant technical and logistic hurdles will need to be overcome to develop the technology and make it effective to suppress selected vector populations, and its application will probably be limited to specific ecological situations. Using sterile males to control mosquito vector populations can only be effective as part of an AW-IPM programme. The area-wide concept entails the targeting of the total mosquito population within a defined area. It requires, therefore, a thorough understanding of the target pest population biology especially as regards mating behaviour, population dynamics, dispersal and level of reproductive isolation. The key challenges for success are: 1) devising methods to monitor vector populations and measuring competitiveness of sterile males in the field, 2) designing mass rearing, sterilization and release strategies that maintain competitiveness of the sterile male mosquitoes, 3) developing methods to separate sexes in order to release only male mosquitoes and 4) adapting suppression measures and release rates to take into account the high reproductive rate of mosquitoes. Finally, success in area-wide implementation in the field can only be achieved if close attention is paid to political, socio-economic and environmental sensitivities and an efficient management organization is established taking into account the interests of all potential stakeholders of an AW-IPM programme.

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Ethical, legal and social aspects of the approach in Sudan

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

The need for new vector control approaches targeting outdoor biting anopheline malaria vector communities

The need for new vector control approaches targeting outdoor biting anopheline malaria vector communities

Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) against Aedes Species Mosquitoes: A Roadmap and Good Practice Framework for Designing, Implementing and Evaluating Pilot Field Trials

Conceptual framework and rationale

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