Ethical Politics and Educated Elites In Indonesian National Movement

Sumarno, Sumarno; Aji, Rojil Nugroho Bayu; Hermawan, Eko Satriya

doi:10.2991/icss-19.2019.170

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…This procedure was also named by some authors as supercritical "maturing" or "maturation" process [32,52]. A simple variation of the "static" procedure is the "stirred mode", which consists in contacting the physical mixture, set inside the impregnation vessel, with scCO 2 under mechanical or magnetic stirring [17,26,39,53,91,94,96,98]. The "stirred mode" is preferred to the static one especially when scCO 2 -soluble cyclodextrins are involved [26,91,94,[96][97][98].…”

Section: Complexation Through Supercritical Solvent Impregnationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, auxiliary agents such as acids, amino acids, polymers, water, or their combinations can often be added [19,22,32,34,38,43,52,63]. Another strategy is to employ supercritical mixtures of CO 2 and a cosolvent such as ethanol or water [17,18,37,39,44]. In Sections 4.2 and 4.3 the role of the working conditions (temperature and pressure) as well as that of auxiliary agents and cosolvents on the complexation efficiency of scCO 2 -insoluble cyclodextrins is discussed.…”

Section: Complexation Through Supercritical Solvent Impregnationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is common practice in supercritical extraction or impregnation processes to enhance the solubility of solutes in the supercritical environment. In this context, water could be employed as a cosolvent [39,42,44] instead of being added to a drug/cyclodextrin physical mixure as an auxiliary agent. However, from the exam of some literature works involving the ketoprofen/βCD system [39,42] it can be concluded that using water as a cosolvent leads to results similar to those obtained when water is added to the physi-cal mixtures as an auxiliary agent [32].…”

Section: Scco 2 -Insoluble Cyclodextrins: Role Of the Auxiliary Agent...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, water could be employed as a cosolvent [39,42,44] instead of being added to a drug/cyclodextrin physical mixure as an auxiliary agent. However, from the exam of some literature works involving the ketoprofen/βCD system [39,42] it can be concluded that using water as a cosolvent leads to results similar to those obtained when water is added to the physi-cal mixtures as an auxiliary agent [32]. Other experiments reported the use of different cosolvents, and the use of ethanol was particularly successful [17,18,37].…”

Section: Scco 2 -Insoluble Cyclodextrins: Role Of the Auxiliary Agent...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Green Alternative to Achieve Drug Complexation with Cyclodextrins

Banchero

2021

Pharmaceuticals

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Cyclodextrins are widely used in pharmaceutics to enhance the bioavailability of many drugs. Conventional drug/cyclodextrin complexation techniques suffer from many drawbacks, such as a high residual content of toxic solvents in the formulations, the degradation of heat labile drugs and the difficulty in controlling the size and morphology of the product particles. These can be overcome by supercritical fluid technology thanks to the outstanding properties of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) such as its mild critical point, its tunable solvent power, and the absence of solvent residue after depressurization. In this work the use of scCO2 as an unconventional medium to achieve the complexation with native and substituted cyclodextrins of over 50 drugs, which belong to different classes, are reviewed. This can be achieved with different approaches such as the “supercritical solvent impregnation” and “particle-formation” techniques. The different techniques are discussed to point out how they affect the complexation mechanism and efficiency, the physical state of the drug as well as the particle size distribution and morphology, which finally condition the release kinetics and drug bioavailability. When applicable, the results obtained for the same drug with various cyclodextrins, or different complexation techniques are compared with those obtained with conventional approaches.

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Section: Complexation Through Supercritical Solvent Impregnationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Complexation Through Supercritical Solvent Impregnationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scco 2 -Insoluble Cyclodextrins: Role Of the Auxiliary Agent...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scco 2 -Insoluble Cyclodextrins: Role Of the Auxiliary Agent...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Green Alternative to Achieve Drug Complexation with Cyclodextrins

Banchero

2021

Pharmaceuticals

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“…The Dutch government's discrimination against Islam and Islamic education made this function taken over and casrried out by educated people under an organization labelled Islam. Educated people who cared about the condition of the nation formed the National Movement, both cooperative and non-cooperative (Sumarno et al 2019). One of them was called Sarekat Islam (Apipudin 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Struggle of Islam and Christianity in the Establishment of Educational Institutions in Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi (1905-1942)

Mokodenseho

Zamhari

2021

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This study was conducted due to the scholars’ lack of attention in revealing the conditions of education in Bolaang Mongondow in the early twentieth century. Using historical methods, as well as sociological, religious, and political approaches, this study finds that in the early twentieth century, indigenous people received education through the Sarekat Islam's Islamic Education and Teaching Center and the Zending educational institution founded by Christian missionaries. Zending education for indigenous Muslim communities was a form of knowledge discrimination because education was only specifically for Christian children, European descent, and aristocrats, while indigenous Muslim children were not allowed. In contrast, Islamic educational institutions were established to accommodate all Muslim children. As a result, although Islamic education institutions existed long after the Zending educational institutions, their educational institutions can compete. Zending's education ended with the fall of Dutch rule, while Islamic educational institutions continue to exist to date. The differences between the two religions in managing educational institutions lead this paper to the conclusion that religion is important not only in responding to and positioning oneself in power relations but also in empowering individuals and groups.

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Artificial 3D Culture Systems for T Cell Expansion

et al. 2018

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Adoptive cell therapy, i.e., the extraction, manipulation, and administration of ex vivo generated autologous T cells to patients, is an emerging alternative to regular procedures in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, these personalized treatments require laborious and expensive laboratory procedures that should be alleviated to enable their incorporation into the clinics. With the objective to improve the ex vivo expansion of large amount of specific T cells, we propose the use of three-dimensional (3D) structures during their activation with artificial antigen-presenting cells, thus resembling the natural environment of the secondary lymphoid organs. Thus, the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of T cells have been analyzed when cultured in the presence of two 3D systems, Matrigel and a 3D polystyrene scaffold, showing an increase in cell proliferation compared to standard suspension systems.

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Ethical Politics and Educated Elites In Indonesian National Movement

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Green Alternative to Achieve Drug Complexation with Cyclodextrins

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Green Alternative to Achieve Drug Complexation with Cyclodextrins

The Struggle of Islam and Christianity in the Establishment of Educational Institutions in Bolaang Mongondow, North Sulawesi (1905-1942)

Artificial 3D Culture Systems for T Cell Expansion

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