Ethidium Bromide-Agar Cartwheel Method in the Detection of Efflux Pump Mediated Multi-Drug Resistance in Enterobacteriacea

Patil, Rajshekar; Kg, Rangappa; Rangaiah, Ambica; Sm, Shankar

doi:10.31782/ijcrr.2021.131726

IJCRR

2021

DOI: 10.31782/ijcrr.2021.131726

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Ethidium Bromide-Agar Cartwheel Method in the Detection of Efflux Pump Mediated Multi-Drug Resistance in Enterobacteriacea

Rajshekar Patil¹,

Rangappa Kg²,

Ambica Rangaiah³

et al.

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2024

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Emergence of heteroresistance to carbapenems in Gram-negative clinical isolates from two Egyptian hospitals

Al-Shebiny,

Shawky,

Emara

2024

BMC Microbiol

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Background Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern, linking bacterial genotype and phenotype. However, variability in antibiotic susceptibility within bacterial populations can lead to misclassification. Heteroresistance exemplifies this, where isolates have subpopulations less susceptible than the main population. This study explores heteroresistance in Gram-negative bacteria, distinguishing between carbapenem-sensitive isolates and stable heteroresistant isolates (SHIs). Methods A total of 151 Gram-negative clinical isolates including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Proteus mirabilis from various sources were included. Heteroresistant isolates and their stability were detected by disc-diffusion technique while genotypic analysis was carried out by PCR and efflux activity was assessed by ethidium bromide (EtBr)-agar cartwheel method. Results A total of 51 heteroresistant subpopulations were detected, producing 16 SHIs upon stability-detection. Amplified resistance genes and EtBr-agar cartwheel method showed a significant difference between resistant subpopulations and their corresponding-sensitive main populations. Conclusion Genotypic analysis confirmed that genetic mutation can lead to resistance development although the main populations were sensitive, thereby leading to treatment failure. This is a neglected issue which should be highly considered for better treatment outcomes.

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Emergence of heteroresistance to carbapenems in Gram-negative clinical isolates from two Egyptian hospitals

Al-Shebiny,

Shawky,

Emara

2024

BMC Microbiol

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show abstract

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Ethidium Bromide-Agar Cartwheel Method in the Detection of Efflux Pump Mediated Multi-Drug Resistance in Enterobacteriacea

Cited by 1 publication

References 0 publications

Emergence of heteroresistance to carbapenems in Gram-negative clinical isolates from two Egyptian hospitals

Emergence of heteroresistance to carbapenems in Gram-negative clinical isolates from two Egyptian hospitals

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