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Diagnostic ultrasound has become a radiology subspecialty. Ultrasonography(USG) is a procedure in which highenergy sound waves are bounced off internal tissues or organs and make echoes, which are picked up by the transducer and converted into an electrical signal and then into a real-time black, white and grey visual echo picture, which is displayed on a computer screen. The principles, various indications, advantages, disadvantages and advanced applications of ultrasonography in relation to maxillofacial region are enlightened in this review article.

OBJECTIVES:A study was undertaken among 50 non-diabetic patients of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admitted within 24hours of the onset of pain for investigation of the prevalence and significance of microalbuminuria (MA) as a predictor of in-hospital mortality and also to correlate it with other well-established prognostic markers. METHODOLOGY: Spot urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured in first morning sample on day 1 (D1). Day 4 (D4) and /or day 7 (D7) homodynamic status was assessed in first clinical by killp's class and the ejection fraction was measured by echocardiography on D1 D4 and /or D7 total 7 days mortality was recorded. RESULTS: MA (>30µg/mg) was found in 95% of patients on D1 in the group with higher value of MA (>100µg/mg) on D1 there was significantly more deaths (p<0.01). Also there was significantly more death increasing or static MA value from D1 to D4/D7 (p<0.01). Increasing or static MA had a positive correlation with deteriorating killp's class in non-survivors, and also there was a correlation between decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction from D1 to D4/D7 and an increasing trend in MA over that period. CONCLUSION: MA was found to be a reliable predictor of short-term in -hospital mortality in AMI.

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A case of Spigelian hernia in a 70-year-old female patient was diagnosed clinically and treated by surgical repair. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery. It is being reported and the relevant anatomical and clinical details and current management are being reviewed.