Ethnic Differences in Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Hepatic Extraction Between Japanese and Caucasians: A Minimal Model Analysis

Møller, Jan Kloppenborg; Man, Chiara Dalla; Overgaard, Rune Viig; Ingwersen, Steen H.; Tornøe, Christoffer Wenzel; Pedersen, Maria; Tanaka, Haruhiko; Ohsugi, Mitsuru; Ueki, Kohjiru; Lynge, Jan; Vasconcelos, Nina-Maria; Pedersen, Bente Klarlund; Kadowaki, Takashi; Cobelli, Claudio

doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1724

Cited by 96 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Ethnic differences in insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity have been reported between Japanese and Caucasians [25]. In the present study, we revealed that the total serum insulin concentration during OGTT was significantly higher in the Japanese–Americans than in the native Japanese in the NGT and IGT groups but not in the DM group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Westernization of lifestyle affects quantitative and qualitative changes in adiponectin

Kubota

Yoneda

Maeda

et al. 2017

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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BackgroundAlthough Japanese–Americans and native Japanese share the same genetic predispositions, they live different lifestyles, resulting in insulin resistance in Japanese–Americans. We investigated whether the quantitative and qualitative changes in adiponectin (APN) due to differences in lifestyle contribute to the development of insulin resistance.MethodsWe evaluated 325 native Japanese in Hiroshima, Japan and 304 Japanese–Americans in Los Angeles, the United States, who were aged between 30 and 70 years and underwent medical examinations between 2009 and 2010. All participants underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to assess their glucose tolerance. The insulin response to oral glucose load, the Matsuda index, total APN levels, and C1q-APN/total-APN ratios were compared between native Japanese and Japanese–Americans.ResultsCompared with the native Japanese, the Japanese–Americans had significantly lower Matsuda index and higher area under the curve values for serum insulin concentration during OGTT in the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) groups, but not in the diabetes mellitus (DM) group. Furthermore, the Japanese–Americans had significantly lower total APN levels and higher C1q-APN/total-APN ratios than the native Japanese in the NGT and IGT groups, but not in the DM group.ConclusionsThis study suggested that, in Japanese people, the westernization of their lifestyle might affect quantitative and qualitative changes in APN and induce insulin resistance.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0565-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Westernization of lifestyle affects quantitative and qualitative changes in adiponectin

Kubota

Yoneda

Maeda

et al. 2017

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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“…In particular, HOMA2-β was the most predictive marker for the pre-diabetic group, probably due to differences in age, race, and BMI. The β-cell function of Asians is usually lower than in Western ethnic groups [1920] based on a multiethnic cohort study of diet and cancer [21]. Further, the low HOMA-β group had a higher risk of progression to diabetes than the high HOMA-IR group in a prospective study of Korean men [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Usefulness of the Updated Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2) with the Original HOMA1 in the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Koreans

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe original homeostasis model assessment (HOMA1) and the updated HOMA model (HOMA2) have been used to evaluate insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell function, but little is known about the usefulness of HOMA2 for the prediction of diabetes in Koreans. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of HOMA2 as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Koreans without diabetes.MethodsThe study population consisted of 104,694 Koreans enrolled at a health checkup program and followed up from 2001 to 2012. Participants were divided into a normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group and a pre-diabetes group according to fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Anthropometric and laboratory data were measured at the baseline checkup, and HOMA values were calculated at the baseline and follow-up checkups. The hazard ratios (HRs) of the HOMA1 and HOMA2 values and the prevalence of diabetes at follow-up were evaluated using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier analysis.ResultsAfter adjusting for several diabetes risk factors, all of the HOMA values except 1/HOMA1-β and 1/HOMA2-β in the NGT group were significant predictors of the progression to diabetes. In the NGT group, there was no significant difference in HOMA1-IR (HR, 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.14) and HOMA2-IR (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.19). However, in the pre-diabetes group, 1/HOMA2-β was a more powerful marker (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.31) than HOMA1-IR (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.28) or 1/HOMA1-β (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.16). In the non-diabetic group (NGT+pre-diabetes), 1/HOMA2-β was also a stronger predictor of diabetes (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.29) than HOMA1-IR (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.15) or 1/HOMA1-β (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.14).ConclusionHOMA2 is more predictive than HOMA1 for the progression to diabetes in pre-diabetes or non-diabetic Koreans.

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“…A lower the S I and S G index in IGT compared to NGT subjects was observed in both Japanese and Caucasians, although the decrease in the S I and S G index was more pronounced in Caucasians, resulting in higher the S I and S G index in Japanese than in the Caucasians at the IGT subjects. A decrease in insulin sensitivity from NGT to IGT and to T2DM had been reported both for Caucasians and Japanese (Møller et al, 2014). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The OGTT data of Case 3 and 4 included 120 Japanese subjects enrolled at Tokyo University Hospital in Japan and 150 Caucasians subjects enrolled at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark was taken from Møller et al (2014). The 270 subjects represented according to glucose tolerance state (NGT, IGT, or T2DM, as defined by WHO criteria).…”

Section: Study Of Case 3 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Modified Oral Minimal Model using n-Order Decay Rate of Plasma Insulin for the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Subjects with Normal, Impaired and Diabetic Glucose Tolerance

Kartono¹,

Putri²,

Setiawan³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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In this present study, the modified Oral Minimal Model (OMM), with secretion of insulin from pancreas was assumed that the insulin decay rate was not always a first-orderly process in the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), had been developed to study Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT), Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT or pre-diabetes) and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) subjects. The modified OMM model was used to assess physiological functions which were insulin sensitivity (S I ) and glucose effectiveness (S G ) from the OGTT data. The results of the modified OMM model fit to the measured glucose and insulin concentration-time profiles in the OGTT process of the subjects. The single-step fitting process to optimize the real pAarameters of the S I and S G index from the experimental data using the modified OMM. Our results showed that all NGT subjects had higher the S I and S G index than all IGT and T2DM subjects following the OGTT process. Basal and large peak glucose were lower in all NGT subjects than in all IGT and T2DM subjects. Insulin extraction was lower in all subjects with T2DM but was almost similar for the NGT and IGT subjects. The averaged correlation between measured and this present model, commonly called R 2 value, showed that these four cases were 0.96 which indicated good agreement.

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Ethnic Differences in Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Hepatic Extraction Between Japanese and Caucasians: A Minimal Model Analysis

Abstract: Our study provides evidence for a similar ability of Japanese and Caucasians to compensate for increased insulin resistance.

Cited by 96 publications

References 36 publications

Westernization of lifestyle affects quantitative and qualitative changes in adiponectin

Westernization of lifestyle affects quantitative and qualitative changes in adiponectin

Comparison of the Usefulness of the Updated Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2) with the Original HOMA1 in the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Koreans

Study of Modified Oral Minimal Model using n-Order Decay Rate of Plasma Insulin for the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Subjects with Normal, Impaired and Diabetic Glucose Tolerance

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