Ethnic differences in the soft tissue profiles of Turkish and European-American young adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces

Uysal, Tancan; Baysal, Aslı; Yağcı, Ahmet; Sigler, Lauren M.; McNamara, James A.

doi:10.1093/ejo/cjq165

Cited by 55 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…According to the soft tissue paradigm, more importance has been given to the soft tissue during diagnosis and treatment planning (Uysal et al, 2012). Soft tissue varies significantly with the difference in mandibular divergence pattern (Scheideman et al, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the soft tissue chins thickness with different skeletal vertical patterns in Pakistani adults

Sattar¹,

Ahmed²,

Khan³

2018

J. Dent. Oral Hyg.

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The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the soft tissue chin thickness values among adult patients with different vertical growth patterns. A sample size of 180 adults patients (32 males and 148 females), with an average age of 21.42 years (range 17-32 years), was selected. The sample was divided into three groups according to the vertical growth pattern using SNMP angle (hypodivergent <27°, normodivergent 27-37° and hyperdivergent >37°). The soft tissue chin thicknesses in each group were measured at pogonion (Pog), gnathion (Gn), and menton (Me) and analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey test. The soft tissue chin thickness values were greater in hypodivergent group at Pog (12.71±2.10 mm), Gn (9.72 ± 2.55 mm) and Me (9.13 ± 2.88 mm) and smallest in hyperdivergent group (Pog 8.05 ±1.20 mm, Gn 6.07±1.47 mm, Me 5.91±1.21 mm). The soft tissue chin thicknesses were greater in men than women. Soft tissue chin thickness was greater in hypodivergent adults than those of normodivergent and hyperdivergent adults. In all the three groups, soft tissue thickness values were greater in men than women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the soft tissue chins thickness with different skeletal vertical patterns in Pakistani adults

Sattar¹,

Ahmed²,

Khan³

2018

J. Dent. Oral Hyg.

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“…[9][10][11][12] However, as far as we know, this is the first study to analysis the craniofacial ethnic difference by using the method of creating a Bolton template and using superimposition. Superimposition supports the cephalometric measurement comparison.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] The Bolton standards are white in derivation, so obviously, it may not be appropriate to apply them to patients of other ethnic origins. Theoretically, it would be easier to distinguish craniofacial differences between two ethnic groups by superimposing the two standard templates at a certain age than by comparing the values of various linear and angular measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Chinese and white Bolton standards at age 13

Zhao

Hans

Palomo

et al. 2013

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objectives: To create a combined male-female Chinese Bolton standard for age 13 and to compare it to the combined Bolton standard for white 13 year olds. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Chinese and 32 white subjects (16 adolescent boys and 16 adolescent girls aged 13 years in each ethnic group) who fulfilled the selection criteria used to create the original Bolton standards were enrolled. Their cephalograms were traced and then averaged two at a time following the Bolton method. In addition to creating the template from the 32 subjects in each group, 43 linear and angular variables were measured and compared between the two ethnic groups and between the two sexes in each ethnic group using independent t-tests. A P value of .05 was used to assign statistical significance. The male-female combined templates for 13 year olds were also compared superimposing either in the Bolton relation or by soft tissue. Results: No sexual dimorphism was found in the white subjects, whereas the Chinese girls had decreased upper face height (Na-ANS), more protrusive incisors (SNA-U1), and shorter cranial base (Ba-Na) and posterior cranial base (S-Ba) compared with the Chinese boys. In terms of ethnic comparison, the Chinese subjects presented shorter sagittal facial dimensions, a clockwise rotated mandible with a more acute gonial angle, and a convex facial profile with a less prominent nose and chin. However, overall vertical dimensions were similar. Conclusions: A 13-year-old combined male-female Chinese Bolton standard was created that demonstrated visually and with metric comparisons that Chinese and white clinically normal subjects have different craniofacial characteristics. These differences should be taken into consideration when an individualized orthodontic treatment plan is developed. (Angle Orthod. 2013;83:809-816.)

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“…22 Turkish population displayed lengths of 15.3 ± 3.4 mm in males and 15.3 ±2.8 mm in females. 23 Persian males had a length of 18.91 ± 2.97 and 14.91 ± 2.90 mm. 24 The values obtained from our study for males (15 + 4.8 mm) were in the normal range as described by Holdaway (14-24 mm), 25 while the females nasal length obtained was less than the normal value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cephalometric Soft Tissue Standard and Gender Dimorphism in Nasal Prominence estimated By Holdaway's Analysis in Patients visiting College of Dentistry, Aljouf University

Kundi

2017

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Introduction:The objectives were to see the nasal prominence norm and the gender dimorphism in nasal prominence measured by Holdaway's soft tissue analysis. Materials and methods:The sample size was 100 (50 males and 50 females). The subjects included in the study were of Saudi origin with class I skeletal and dental relationship and all teeth present. The age group of the patients was between 18 and 28 years. The radiographs were traced and analyzed by two students and cross-checked by an orthodontist. The nasal prominence was measured according to the technique described by Holdaway. Results:The descriptive statistics were calculated for both male and female groups. The mean value of nasal prominence when male and female samples were combined was 14.08 mm. No statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.083) when genders were compared. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Conclusion:No statistically significant difference was found when genders were compared. The value for males was normal while the value for females was less than Holdaway's normal.Clinical significance: These values would aid in treatment planning for orthognathic surgery and orthodontic treatment.

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Ethnic differences in the soft tissue profiles of Turkish and European-American young adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces

Cited by 55 publications

References 23 publications

Assessment of the soft tissue chins thickness with different skeletal vertical patterns in Pakistani adults

Assessment of the soft tissue chins thickness with different skeletal vertical patterns in Pakistani adults

Comparison of Chinese and white Bolton standards at age 13

Cephalometric Soft Tissue Standard and Gender Dimorphism in Nasal Prominence estimated By Holdaway's Analysis in Patients visiting College of Dentistry, Aljouf University

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