Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality: are comorbidities to blame?

Ravi, Krithi

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31423-9

Cited by 47 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…An analysis of 55 provinces capital in Italy recently revealed that increase in symptomatic COVID-19 infected cases was associated with variations in air pollution level (Coccia 2020). Also, other studies found that prevalence of comorbidities plays a key role in higher mortality of COVID-19 (Richardson et al 2020;Tian et al 2020;Ravi 2020). It also has been proven that some medical conditions like diabetes and heart diseases can increse the risk of death in COVID-19 patient (Richardson et al 2020;Coccia 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of COVID-19 distribution with air quality, sociodemographic factors, and comorbidities: an ecological study of US states

Sarmadi

Moghanddam

Dickerson

et al. 2020

Air Qual Atmos Health

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This ecological study investigated the association between COVID-19 distribution and air quality index (AQI), comorbidities and sociodemographic factors in the USA. The AQI factors included in the study are total AQI, ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2). Other demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic variables were included as covariates. The correlations of COVID-19 variables-proportion of cases and deaths in each population, as well as case fatality rate with independent variables were determined by Pearson and Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. The results revealed that AQI-NO 2 , population density, longitude, gross domestic product per capita, median age, total death of disease, and pneumonia per population were significantly associated with the COVID-19 variables (P < 0.05). Air pollutants, especially NO 2 in the US case, could be addressed as an important factor linked with COVID-19 susceptibility and mortality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of COVID-19 distribution with air quality, sociodemographic factors, and comorbidities: an ecological study of US states

Sarmadi

Moghanddam

Dickerson

et al. 2020

Air Qual Atmos Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The differences between ethnic groups with lower scores for both feelings of safety and intention to participate in research and/or attend clinical appointments in our BAME responders is particularly relevant. The disproportionate risk of contracting COVID-19 (13) and poorer outcomes in BAME groups compared to white counterparts (14) is a recognised public health issue. Public Health England has engaged with key stakeholders to start the process of understanding this health inequality and discuss strategies to reduce the direct and indirect impact of this pandemic and indeed any future pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Risk of Attending Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A UK Public Opinion Survey

Pritchard

Brady

Chudasama

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To inform clinical and research practice in secondary care in the COVID-19 pandemic we consulted patients and the public on their feelings of safety, factors affecting feelings of safety, intention to participate in research, attitudes to research and comfort with new ways of working in order to inform secondary care policy on restarting research and some clinical activity. Method: An online survey was used to collect public opinions on attending hospitals. The survey link was circulated via the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Involvement (PPI) Leads network and social media.Results: 402 people completed the survey. Participants age ranged from the 18-85+, with the majority (337 (84%)) aged between 35 to 74 years. There were a higher number of women (77%) compared to men (23%); and were mainly White European (91%) compared to Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) (6%), or other (2%).Results for feelings of safety scales show bi-polarity with few respondents in the middle ground. Implementation of COVID-19 related safety measures such as social distancing, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and cleaning were strongly supported by most respondents. There was ambivalence around less certain measures such as staff antigen and antibody testing. Respondents were most likely to participate in research related to their own condition, COVID-19 and vaccine, but less likely to participate as healthy volunteers, especially if suffering from a pre-existing comorbidity identified with increased risk or were female. There was general agreement that participants are comfortable with new ways of working, such as remote consultation, though women and BAME respondents were less comfortable.Conclusions: Findings raise concerns for health inequalities already impacting some groups in the pandemic. The role of clinical necessity and personal benefit support the reopening of services in line with clinical necessity. Moderate caution in respect of vaccine research relative to patient-participant research presents a challenge for pending recruitment demands, and would benefit from qualitative research to explore themes and concerns in more depth and support development and targeting of key messaging.

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“…The differences between ethnic groups with lower scores for both feelings of safety and intention to participate in research and/or attend clinical appointments in our BAME responders is particularly relevant. The disproportionate risk of contracting COVID-19 (13) and poorer outcomes in BAME groups compared to white counterparts (14) is a recognised public health issue. Public Health England has engaged with key stakeholders to start the process of understanding this health inequality and discuss strategies to reduce the direct Histograms for scales (not shown) showed there was a distinct grouping of respondents into those who felt safe and those who did not, with generally few people in the middle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Risk of Attending Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a UK public opinion survey

Pritchard

Brady

Chudasama

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In order to inform clinical and research practice in secondary care in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, an online survey was used to collect public opinions on attending hospitals. The survey link was circulated via the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Involvement (PPI) Leads network and social media. 402 people completed the survey. Participants age ranged from the 18-85+, with the majority (337 (84%)) aged between 35 to 74 years. There were a higher number of women (77%) compared to men (23%); and were mainly White European (91%) compared to BAME (6%), or other (2%). Data collection included self-identified risk status due to comorbidity or age, and 100 point Likert-type scales to measures feelings of safety, factors affecting feelings of safety, intention to participate in research, comfort with new ways of working and attitudes to research. Results for feelings of safety scales indicate two distinct groups; one of respondents who felt quite safe and one of those who did not. Implementation of COVID-19 related safety measures such as social distancing, use of PPE and cleaning were strongly supported by most respondents. There was ambivalence around less certain measures such as regular staff antigen and antibody testing. Respondents were most likely to participate in research related to their own condition, COVID-19 research and vaccine research, but less likely to participate in healthy volunteer research, especially if suffering from a pre-existing comorbidity identified with increased risk or were female. There was general agreement that participants are comfortable with new ways of working, such as remote consultation, though women and BAME respondents were less comfortable. Findings raise concerns for health inequalities already impacting some groups in the pandemic. The role of clinical necessity and personal benefit support the reopening of services in line with clinical necessity. Moderate caution in respect of vaccine research relative to patient-participant research presents a challenge for pending recruitment demands, and would benefit from qualitative research to explore themes and concerns in more depth and support development and targeting of key messaging.

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Ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality: are comorbidities to blame?

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Association of COVID-19 distribution with air quality, sociodemographic factors, and comorbidities: an ecological study of US states

Association of COVID-19 distribution with air quality, sociodemographic factors, and comorbidities: an ecological study of US states

Perceptions of Risk of Attending Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A UK Public Opinion Survey

Perceptions of Risk of Attending Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a UK public opinion survey

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