Ethnic diversity, poverty and social trust in Germany: Evidence from a behavioral measure of trust

Gereke, Johanna; Schaub, Max; Baldassarri, Delia

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0199834

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Investing to help a stranger has this incentive structure, where any downstream benefits of the helpful action are typically delayed and/or uncertain [38,81,82]. The effect of reduced income or lowered neighbourhood quality on the tendency to help a stranger could also be mediated by reduced social capital and generalized trust [83][84][85][86]. For example, a natural experiment in Russia found that a 10% decrease in average national income following the 2009 recession was associated with a 5% decrease in social trust [87].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood wealth, not urbanicity, predicts prosociality towards strangers

Zwirner

Raihani

2020

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Urbanization is perhaps the most significant and rapid cause of demographic change in human societies, with more than half the world's population now living in cities. Urban lifestyles have been associated with increased risk for mental disorders, greater stress responses, and lower trust. However, it is not known whether a general tendency towards prosocial behaviour varies across the urban–rural gradient, or whether other factors such as neighbourhood wealth might be more predictive of variation in prosocial behaviour. Here, we present findings from three real-world experiments conducted in 37 different neighbourhoods, in 12 cities and 12 towns and villages across the UK. We measured whether people: (i) posted a lost letter; (ii) returned a dropped item; and (iii) stopped to let someone cross the road in each neighbourhood. We expected to find that people were less willing to help a stranger in more urban locations, with increased diffusion of responsibility and perceived anonymity in cities being measured as variables that might drive this effect. Our data did not support this hypothesis. There was no effect of either urbanicity or population density on people's willingness to help a stranger. Instead, the neighbourhood level of deprivation explained most of the variance in helping behaviour with help being offered less frequently in more deprived neighbourhoods. These findings highlight the importance of socio-economic factors, rather than urbanicity per se , in shaping variation in prosocial behaviour in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighbourhood wealth, not urbanicity, predicts prosociality towards strangers

Zwirner

Raihani

2020

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…An ecologically valid measure of trust involving costly behavior already exists in the domain of measuring trust between strangers. In the well-known "classical" trust game, the player in the role of investor can transfer a share of an initial monetary endowment to an anonymous partner, the trustee ( [8,11]; for recent research on trust behavior also see [17,18]). If the investor transfers money, the total amount available to be shared between the two players increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trust Game for Couples (TGC): A new standardized paradigm to assess trust in romantic relationships

et al. 2020

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Trust between couples is a prerequisite for stable and satisfactory romantic relationships. However, there has been no valid research tool to assess partner-specific trust behavior including costly investments in the trustworthiness of the romantic partner. We here present a comprehensive validation of the newly developed Trust Game for Couples (TGC) by means of various self-report and implicit relationship-related measures. The TGC operationalizes trust by measuring an individual's willingness to invest his or her own financial resources in pro-relationship attitudes of their romantic partner (collected by dichotomous responses to relationship-relevant items, e.g., answering yes to "I am absolutely sure that I love my partner"). Thirty-five healthy couples between 20 and 34 years completed the TGC in an interactive (both partners present), but anonymous setting (no information on the partner's responses revealed). Trust, as measured by the TGC, correlates positively with selfreported trust, satisfaction, and felt closeness in the relationship, but not with general interpersonal trust, confirming both its convergent and discriminant validity. In addition to explicit criteria for construct validity, implicit measures of partner valence and confidence explained variance in the TGC, demonstrating that it constitutes an economical measure of implicit and explicit ingredients of trust between couples. In sum, the TGC provides a novel, specific behavioral tool for a sensitive assessment of trust in dyadic relationships with potential for numerous research fields.

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“…When analyzing the activity of university graduates in communities, big data play a significant role, which makes it possible to study information about human behavior in real time, who, where, with whom interacts, including the study of social "contamination". Such data allow observing online activity through social connections of patterns of attitudes, emotions (Johanna Gereke, Max Schaub, Delia Baldassarri [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of approaches to study identification in social media

et al. 2020

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The nature of the social influence of media on social processes, the production of virtual information practices, to study these processes currently actualizes the need to use modern new tools for collecting, processing and data analysis methods. The purpose of this work is to analyze the activity of university graduates in communities, their identification through the collection of data from social networks. Assessment of the activity of graduates in social networks was carried out by “downloading” messages and news from online university communities. For each message, activity labels (“likes”, reposts, comments) were collected and graduates of these universities were identified (reconciliation with the register of graduates was carried out). The focus of the analysis is on identifying the actions of graduates - loyalty in the media space and the dissemination of information about the university community. The main methodological guideline was the approach within the framework of the microsociological paradigm, in particular, the idea of symbolic interactionism. The heuristic potential of using big data to analyze the activity of university graduates in communities allows us to expand our methodological arsenal and overcome the limitations of existing traditional methods of collection and analysis. The main research methods: interface programming, social network analysis of user interaction in social media, Web-crawling using a search engine, statistical data processing. Results: the main digital strategies of university graduates are characterized by the expansion of the audience, the promotion of content caused by the interest of users depending on the focus of the group. Four types of alumni communities have been distinguished: groups that identify with social development, with charity, with scientific research, and education. The high average value of the activity index belongs to charitable foundations, followed by the community of culture and science. The lowest average value of the activity index is recorded in educational communities.

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Ethnic diversity, poverty and social trust in Germany: Evidence from a behavioral measure of trust

Cited by 45 publications

References 63 publications

Neighbourhood wealth, not urbanicity, predicts prosociality towards strangers

Neighbourhood wealth, not urbanicity, predicts prosociality towards strangers

The Trust Game for Couples (TGC): A new standardized paradigm to assess trust in romantic relationships

Analysis of approaches to study identification in social media

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