Ethnic variations in psychotic disorders in the criminal justice system: A systematic review

Denzel, A. Dorina; Esch, Ankie Yvonne Maria van; Harte, J.M.; Scherder, E.J.A.

doi:10.1016/j.avb.2016.05.006

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Despite the increased prevalence of SSD in forensic patients with a migrational or ethnic minority background [24,27,28], research on how this offender subgroup differs from other offenders with SSD is scarce. In the present study on this subgroup, the combination of only five variables (mean dose equivalent of olanzapine at discharge, patient suffering from poverty in childhood/adolescence, social isolation in childhood/adolescence, only engaged in most basic tasks in ergotherapy, language problems during psychotherapy) allowed us to distinguish between native European and non-European offenders with SSD with a significant predictive power (AUC = 0.75).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies conducted in Europe and in the United States demonstrated that migration does not constitute a risk factor for violent offending [21][22][23], but analyses on whether the positive correlation between SSD and violent behavior is stronger in ethnic minorities have yielded mixed results [24][25][26], which underlines the need for more research in this field. Some studies have found that forensic patients are more likely to be diagnosed with psychotic disorders, including SSD, if they have a migrant or ethnic minority background [24,27,28]. In this context, the role of ethnic variations in symptomatology of SSD remains to be clarified [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Similarities and Differences of Non-European Migrants among Forensic Patients with Schizophrenia

Huber

Lau

Sonnweber

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Migrants diagnosed with schizophrenia are overrepresented in forensic-psychiatric clinics. A comprehensive characterization of this offender subgroup remains to be conducted. The present exploratory study aims at closing this research gap. In a sample of 370 inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were detained in a Swiss forensic-psychiatric clinic, 653 different variables were analyzed to identify possible differences between native Europeans and non-European migrants. The exploratory data analysis was conducted by means of supervised machine learning. In order to minimize the multiple testing problem, the detected group differences were cross-validated by applying six different machine learning algorithms on the data set. Subsequently, the variables identified as most influential were used for machine learning algorithm building and evaluation. The combination of two childhood-related factors and three therapy-related factors allowed to differentiate native Europeans and non-European migrants with an accuracy of 74.5% and a predictive power of AUC = 0.75 (area under the curve). The AUC could not be enhanced by any of the investigated criminal history factors or psychiatric history factors. Overall, it was found that the migrant subgroup was quite similar to the rest of offender patients with schizophrenia, which may help to reduce the stigmatization of migrants in forensic-psychiatric clinics. Some of the predictor variables identified may serve as starting points for studies aimed at developing crime prevention approaches in the community setting and risk management strategies tailored to subgroups of offenders with schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Similarities and Differences of Non-European Migrants among Forensic Patients with Schizophrenia

Huber

Lau

Sonnweber

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“… 1 , 4 , 18 – 23 In a recent systematic review, it was hypothesised that instead of being admitted into regular mental healthcare at an earlier point in their pathogenesis, BME patients seem to be criminalised more often. 6 A possible reason as to why BME patients have difficulties entering regular mental healthcare in the first place could be rooted in institutionalised barriers to care cross-culturally. 42 Higher levels of paranoia could also invoke higher levels of mistrust towards mental healthcare, and high levels of uncooperativeness and aggression could imply that these patients are less likely to cooperate in treatment on a voluntary basis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a recent systematic review, 6 examining studies performed in Europe, 1 , 24 – 31 the USA, 32 – 40 Australia, 41 New Zealand 42 and Singapore 43 on ethnic variations in psychotic disorders within the criminal justice system, it was concluded that, until now, studies have not focused on ethnic variations in psychopathology and symptom representation of adult prisoners with psychotic disorders. 6 However, research in regular mental healthcare settings suggests that adult BME patients with psychotic disorders show different clinical representations 44 – 47 and more severe psychotic symptoms. 48 , 49 The results are inconsistent as to what specific symptoms differ between the various ethnic groups with psychotic disorders.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ethnic variations regarding clinical profiles and symptom representation in prisoners with psychotic disorders

et al. 2018

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BackgroundBlack and minority ethnic (BME) groups are known to have higher prevalences of psychotic disorders and are over-represented in western penitentiaries and forensic psychiatric institutions. Research from regular mental healthcare settings suggests that they could show different and more severe psychotic symptoms.AimsTo explore ethnic variations in severity of symptomatology of BME and non-BME detainees with psychotic disorders.MethodIn this study, 824 patients with psychotic disorders from seven different ethnic groups, imprisoned in a penitentiary psychiatric centre in the Netherlands, were compared on symptom severity and symptom representation using the BPRS-E clinical interview. Data were analysed by means of a multilevel analysis.ResultsBME patients with psychotic disorders are over-represented in forensic psychiatry, and symptom profiles of prisoners with psychotic disorders vary by ethnicity. Additionally, severity levels of overall psychopathology differ between ethnic groups: patients with an ethnic majority status show more severe levels of psychopathology compared with BME patients.ConclusionsThere are differences in symptom severity and symptom profiles between BME patients and non-BME patients. Disregarding these differences could have an adverse effect on the outcome of the treatment. Possible explanations and clinical impact are discussed.Declaration of interestNone.

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“…However it is not clear whether these ethnic disparities in care are also seen in prisoners [7,8,9]. We here present our findings for treatment needs and how far these needs are met for black and minority ethnic prisoners compared to white prisoners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Assessing needs for psychiatric treatment in prisoners: 3. Comparison of care received by black and minority ethnic prisoners and by white prisoners

McKenzie

Killaspy

Jakobowitz

et al. 2019

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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To investigate to what extent mental health treatment needs are met in white and BME (black and minority ethnic) prisoners. Methods Treatment needs of a random sample of male (n=197) and female (n=171) prisoners were assessed with standardised instruments. Interventions provided were confirmed through face-to-face interviews and case note review. Results BME prisoners comprised 44% of participants. Treatment for depression, personality disorder and alcohol abuse was more often needed by White than BME prisoners. Needs were more frequently met in White than BME prisoners (48.5% vs 38.2%; p<0.05), largely due to delivery of psychological treatments. Conclusions BME prisoners had fewer of their mental health needs met.

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Ethnic variations in psychotic disorders in the criminal justice system: A systematic review

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Exploring Similarities and Differences of Non-European Migrants among Forensic Patients with Schizophrenia

Exploring Similarities and Differences of Non-European Migrants among Forensic Patients with Schizophrenia

Ethnic variations regarding clinical profiles and symptom representation in prisoners with psychotic disorders

Assessing needs for psychiatric treatment in prisoners: 3. Comparison of care received by black and minority ethnic prisoners and by white prisoners

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