Ethnomedicine Of Medicinal Plants Used By Tribal Community In Kaliki Village, Merauke - Papua

Abstract

AbstrakPapua memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi dengan jenis hutan yang lengkap dan flora endemik yang tidak ditemukan di daerah lain, serta pengetahuan tradisional tumbuhan obat masyarakat Papua sangat beragam. Namun pengetahuan tersebut belum diungkapkan dan di dokumentasikan dengan baik, seperti pengetahuan masyarakat suku Marind di Kampung Kaliki Merauke yang merupakan salah satu suku terbesar yang menempati pesisir pantai hingga perbatasan Papua New Guinea. Penelitian etnomedisin tumbuhan obat dimaksudkan untuk mengungkapkan presepsi dan konsepsi masyarakat lokal dalam memahami kesehatan seperti pengunaan tumbuhan sebagai bahan obat, sekaligus untuk melakukan inventarisasi keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan berguna untuk obat-obatan tradisional dan sebagai data awal untuk riset farmasi dalam menemukan senyawa baru yang berguna dalam pengobatan. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan emik dan etik juga melakukan wawancara secara terbuka dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebanyak 34 spesies dari 22 famili dikenali dan dimanfaatkan untuk menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit. Daun merupakan bagian tumbuhan yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat yaitu sebanyak 18 spesies, kulit batang 8 spesies dan akar rimpang 3 spesies. Sebagian besar pengolahan tumbuhan obat melalui metode perebusan dan konsumsi langsung. Tumbuhan obat ini dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan 15 jenis penyakit. Persalinan dan diare merupakan pengobatan yang paling banyak memanfaatkan tumbuhan obat. AbstractPapua is rich in biodiversity with several forest types and endemic flora that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. Furthermore, diverse traditional knowledge of medicinal plants are already used by tribal community in Papua. However, this knowledge has not been published and well documented. For example, the knowledge of the Marind Tribe in Kaliki Village, Merauke, which is one of the largest tribes living on the coast to the border of Papua New Guinea. Research of ethnomedicine on medicinal plants is intended to reveal the perception and conception of local communities in understanding health, such as the utilization of plants as medicine, inventory of plant used in traditional medicines, and preliminary data for pharmaceutical research to find new compounds for drug discovery. This study used emic and ethical approaches, open-ended interviews, and direct field observations. According to study result, a total of 34 species from 22 families were identified and used to cure various diseases. It was found that plant parts most widely used as medicinal ingredients were leaves of 18 species, bark of 8 species, and rhizome of 3 species. Moreover, medicinal plants were normally boiled or processed for direct consumption. The medicinal plant was used to treat 15 species of diseases. In addition, medicinal plants were mostly used in childbirth care and treating diarrhea.

Indigenous knowledge source: Plants and animals as traditional medicine dayak tamambaloh’s of labian ira'ang village

“…In some areas in Indonesia, culture related to traditional medicine has become a local intellectual property which is a unique cultural heritage of Indonesia. There are many of local cultural heritage about traditional medicine in Indonesia islands, for example of the traditional medicine of the people of the island of Sumatera (Stark, 2019;Siregar, Hadiguna, Kamil, Nazir & Nofialdi, 2020;Lavenia & Dewi, 2020), Java (Triratnawati, 2016;Sumarni, Sudarmin & Sumarti, 2018;Maharani & Erwina, 2022), Sulawesi (Tahir, Rahman, Hunaeni, Amir & Anwar, 2018, Muis & Hastuti, 2020Nurbaya, Chandra & Hapsari, 2020), Papua (Lense, 2012;Budiarti, Maruzy, Mujahid, Sari, Jokopriyambodo, Widayat & Wahyono, 2020;Ibo & Arifa, 2021), and Kalimantan (Falah & Hadiwibowo, 2017;Qamariah, Mulia & Fakhrizal, 2020;Supiandi, Julung, Ege, Mahanal & Zubaidah, 2020;Jaya, Ludang & Mangkoedihardjo, 2022). Similar but not the same, matters relating to traditional medicine are also found in parts of Indonesia, precisely in West Kalimantan, Kapuas Hulu Regency, Batang Lupar sub-district, Labian Ira'ang Village.…”

Quantitative Analysist of Ethnomedicinal Practice and Used by the Banceuy Tribe in Subang Village of Indonesia

“…20 However, the highest SUV in this research is Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. that commonly used in China for many internal disease problems 21 , in Africa for rheumatic, fever, headache, and hemarrhoids; in Nigeria used in tumor treatment, conjunctivitis, and abscess 22 ; in India for diarrhoea dysentery and intestinal colic ailment. 23 This plant has well-known for abundant of phytochemicals such as alkaloid, cumarins, flavonoids, benzofurans, sterols and terpenoids, and quercetin.…”

Studi Etnobotani Ramuan Obat Batuk dan Pijat Bayi

“…Kandungan ini memiliki banyak sekali manfaatnya, diantaranya adalah melancarkan peredaran darah, merangsang kelenjar bronkial dan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba (Manosoh, 2016). Buah jeruk nipis bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan Kesehatan pencernaan, meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh, menurunkan berat bedan, serta dapat meredakan batuk dengan mengencerkan dahak (Ibo & Arifa, 2021;Saranani dkk., 2021;Supriani dkk., 2022;Wildayati T dkk, 2016;Yazia dkk., 2019).…”