Ethnoscience A Bridge To Back To Nature

Abstract

Ethnoscience is a paradigm emerged in anthropology in mid-1950s, as a further result of the attempts made by some American anthropologists to redefine the concept of culture that will be in line with the new model they adopt for their study and description of culture that is descriptive phonology. For ethnoscientists culture is not a material or behavioural phenomenon. It is an ideational phenomenon. In Goode-nough’s word, “culture is not a material phenomenon; it does not consist of things, people, behavior or emotions. It is rather the organization of these things. It is the forms of things that people have in mind, their models for perceiving, relating and otherwise interpreting them as such..” (1964: 36). Culture is thus a system of knowledge. The culture of a people is their ethnoscience (ethnos = people; scientia = knowledge). Since culture is a very broad category, no anthropologist can do research on a peo-ple’s culture as a whole. He can only investigate and describe some parts of it. Thus, Harold Conklin (1954) focussed his research among the Hanunoo in the Phillippines on their knowledge about their environment, or their ethnoecology. Even then, ethnoecology is still a very broad category, for it encompasses flora, fauna and other material inanimate objects. Later ethnoscience researchers pay their attention to smaller parts of the phenomena. Several branches of study then sprouted from ethnoecology, focussing on some elements the environment, such as ethnozoology, ethnobotany, ethnoastronomy, ethnopedology, etc. From ethnozoology, new branches of study -narrower in scopeappeared, such as ethnoornithology, etnoichtyology, ethnoherpetology. These bran-ches show how the attentions of the researchers go deeper and deeper to the tiny details of the environment, of the nature, and how the people view, give meaning and relate themselves to them. These studies show that ethnoscience has helped humans to gain better understandings of and their relations to the nature. It is in this sense that ethnoscience has become a bridge to go “back to nature”.

Pendidikan Ipa Multidimesional Pada Etnosains Bale Adat Sasak: Perspektif Filsafat

“…Etnosains merupakan pengetahuan yang bersumber dari norma, adat, budaya, tradisi, dan kepercayaan yang mempengaruhi pemahaman dan interpretasi masyarakat (Sudarmin, 2014). Etnosains dikatakan sebagai kegiatan mentransformasikan ilmu asli (indigenous science) dari pengetahuan masyarakat tentang fakta-fakta khas yang diturunkan secara turunmenurun (Putra, 2021). Etnosains merupakan suatu kegiatan untuk mentrasformasikan ilmu (Agus Muliadi) asli (indigenous sains) menjadi ilmu ilmiah (Wati et al, 2020).…”

“…Sudarmin, Sumarni & Mursiti (2018) menjelaskan bahwa budaya adalah hasil cipta rasa dan karsa manusia yang selanjutnya berkembang menjadi pengetahuan asli (indegenious science) yang ditransformasikan menjadi sains ilmiah. Pengetahuan sains asli (indegenious science) dideskripsikan dari budaya masyarakat yang meliputi apapun yang harus diketahui dan diyakini seseorang dalam beraktivitas sesuai dengan peran dan cara yang dapat diterima oleh anggotanya dalam suatu komunitas (Putra, 2021). Budaya daerah, kearifan lokal, tradisi, dan lingkungan sekitar akan memberikan kontribusi tertentu dalam mengkonstruksi kognisi peserta didik tentang indigenous sains (Hikmawati, Suastra, & Pujani, 2020) Etnosains dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan (kognisi) siswa tentang lingkungan sekitar, terutama yang berkaitan dengan tradisi, budaya sebagai warisan leluhur (Hadi & Ahied, 2017).…”

Ang Sitwasyon ng Pagtuturo-Pagkatuto ng Etnoastronomiya sa Batayang Edukasyong Pansekondarya ng Agham

“…Malinaw ang diskruso ng IKSPs hinggil sa pundasyon nitong naimbag sa modernong Agham, kaya hindi maiaalis ang global nitong epekto, lalo na ang etnoagham. Sa pag-aaral ni Putra (2021), inuri ang transmisyon ng karunungan mula etnoagham patungo sa iba pang naipanganganak na sangay, tulad ng ethnoecology, ethnobiology, at ethnopedology bilang mga malalaking tipak na pinagmumulan ng iba pang kilusang pang-etnoagham. Tinukoy nina Suprato, Prahani, at Deta (2021) Bagaman ganoon, mababatid sa IKSPs sa bansa ang mga makahulugang ambag mula sa mga disiplina tulad ng astronomiya, meteorolohiya, botanika, flora't fauna, sikolohiya, relihiyon at paniniwala, medisina at iba pang kaalamang nakasulat di-lamang sa Tagalog, bagkus sa iba pang wika sa Pilipinas.…”

Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Self-Consolidating Concrete containing Slag Aggregate

“…An industrial product known as iron and steel slag aggregate is produced under strict quality control and is free of organic impurities, clay, shells, and other similar substances. The chemical makeup is uniform across the board for both coarse and tiny particles [1][2][3][4][5][6].…”