The acquisition of critical thinking (CT) as one of the 21st century skills is categorically crucial. Therefore, the effective training of CT skills in terms of learning activities needs detailed exploration. This study applied the ethno-inquiry model in an e-learning platform and evaluated its impact on the CT skills of preservice science teachers (PSTs). The experimental design employed the randomized pretest-posttest control design involving 62 PSTs as participants, divided equally into an experimental and control group. Participants’ CT skills were assessed using essay tests. The tests focused on the CT skills dealing with analysis, inferencing, evaluation, and decision-making indicators. The CT scores were analyzed using parameters of the average pretest-posttest. The learning implementation effects were calculated using a paired t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at the significance level of .05. The findings demonstrated that the CT scores for the experimental group increased from the less critical to the critical level. This result was better than that of the control group. Similarly, the improvement of individual CT performance was better in the experimental group. Based on the results of the analysis, the t test and ANCOVA of both groups confirmed that the ethno-inquiry model had a significant effect on the CT skills of participants. The results thus provide convincing evidence of the essential roles of the ethno-inquiry model in science learning and it is therefore recommended that the model be implemented in science classes.
This study aims to determine the effect of student worksheet assisted modified causalitic thinking type 2B scaffolding approach toward student's problem solving ability (PSA)
(2) there is no effect of worksheet assisted causalitic thinking type 2a scaffolding modified approach toward student`s creativity.
Keywords: Causalitic Thinking, Scaffolding, Problem Solving Ability, Optical Geometry, Creativity
PENDAHULUANDewasa ini perkembangan dunia yang begitu pesat mengharuskan sumber daya manusianya untuk memiliki beberapa keterampilan yang sesuai dengan tuntutan pada abad ke-21. Dikutip dari Global Cities Education Network Report (2012), bahwa terdapat 5 keterampilan yang harus dimiliki oleh siswa pada abad ke-21 yaitu, kreativitas serta inovasi, berpikir kritis (critical thinking), pemecahan masalah (problem solving), pengambilan keputusan (decision making), dan metakognisi. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah sendiri merupakan dasar yang sangat diperlukan bagi siswa untuk menyelesaikan berbagai persoalan yang diberikan oleh guru di sekolah. Terutama persoalan yang berhubungan dengan fisika. Kenyataannya kemampuan pemecahan masalah ini masih menjadi salah satu kendala yang dihadapi oleh kebanyakan siswa. Kurangnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah ini patut diduga disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman siswa akan konsep-konsep fisika. Hal ini diungkapkan oleh Silaban (2014) bahwa adanya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara penguasaan konsep dengan kemampuan memecahkan masalah. Dengan kata lain, kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang tinggi akan didapatkan apabila siswa memahami konsep-konsep yang berkaitan dengan pokok bahasan yang dipelajari. Secara garis besar, konsep menjelaskan gambaran suatu peristiwa. Pentingnya seseorang menguasai sutu konsep adalah agar ia mampu berkomunikasi, mengklasifikasikan ide, gagasan atau peristiwa yang dialaminya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari (Suranti et al, 2016).Penguatan pada konsep-konsep fisika untuk mengembangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah merupakan hal yang penting dalam pokok bahasan optik geometri. Optik geometri sendiri merupakan salah satu cabang fisika dasar tentang cahaya yang pengaplikasiannya banyak ditemukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Konsep-konsep seperti pemantulan dan pembiasan cahaya maupun pembentukan bayangan pada cermin dan lensa merupakan topik yang menarik untuk dipecahkan permasalahannya. Akan tetapi, pada pokok bahasan optik geometri sendiri masih terdapat siswa yang merasa kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal. Bunawan et al (2015) juga menyatakan bahwa
Learning tools are an important part of learning. Innovative learning tools will help lecturers and students achieve the goals in learning. The purpose of this research is to produce an innovative learning tools oriented to the creativity of preservice physics teachers. The type of research is development research, using DDD-E model: decide, design, develop, and evaluate. Instruments used include physics concept test with multiple choice form, essay-type creativity test, activity observation sheet in Likert scale questionnaire. In this study also conducted empirical testing to measure the effectiveness of learning tools which developed to increase student creativity. The results show that the highest creativity improvement of the experimental class on verbal creativity.
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