“…In human and nonhuman primates, maternal responsiveness has often been viewed as emancipated from neuroendocrine modulation and entirely dependent on experiential, cognitive, and social factors (Benedek, 1970;Coe, 1990;Sternglanz and Nash, 1991;Keverne, 1996; see Maestripieri, in press, for a review). This view implies a fundamental difference in the regulation of maternal behavior between primates and other mammals, where maternal responsiveness is affected by the endocrine changes underlying pregnancy and lactation.…”