Ethoxy Carboxylate Extended Surfactant: Micellar, Adsorption and Adsolubilization Properties

Abstract

The micellar, adsorption, and adsolubilization properties of a novel ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant are measured and compared to an extended sulfate surfactant. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant is measured to be 0.02 mM while it is 0.07 mM for the extended sulfate surfactant. Adsorption and adsolubilization studies are carried out on alumina oxide surfaces. The extended sulfate surfactant has a higher maximum adsorption capacity onto the aluminum than the ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant (0.47 vs. 0.14 mmol/g, respectively). For adsolubilization, the extended sulfate surfactant shows a slightly higher phenanthrene adsolubilization compared to the ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant (log K adm of 6.15 vs. 5.71, respectively). In contrast, for solubilization, the ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant exhibits higher phenanthrene solubilization capacities than the extended sulfate surfactant (log K mic of 5.61 vs. 5.42, respectively). Relative to surfactant loss from the solid surface, the ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant shows a higher desorption capacity as compared to the extended sulfate surfactant. From these measurements, the ethoxy carboxylate extended surfactant has better properties for micellar applications (lower CMC, higher K mic ), while the extended sulfate surfactant has better properties for admicellar applications (higher q max and K adm values, and less desorption).

Precipitation and Micellar Properties of Novel Mixed Anionic Extended Surfactants and a Cationic Surfactant

“…2, CMC measurements of individual and mixed surfactant systems were conducted at a ratio of 1:1 to avoid the presence of precipitates. These results are consistent with previous research [15,17] that found the CMC of the extended surfactant to be lower than conventional surfactants. This could be due to the higher hydrophobicity of the extended surfactants which require lower monomers concentrations to form aggregates like micelles in an aqueous solution.…”

“…As a result of their unique molecular structure, many researchers have demonstrated advantages of using these extended surfactants to enhance oil solubilization since they can offer a smoother transition between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases resulting in a more suitable environment for solubilizing both hydrophilic and lipophilic solutes [12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Mesoporous Transition Metal Oxide Ceramics

“…After aging for a week at 150 C in the absence of water, it was found from X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis that the pore structure was retained upon template removal with sulfuric acid in methanol. Further synthesis beyond TiO 2 and ZrO 2 using carboxylic acids has also been reported for other transition metal oxides including Al 2 O 3 [61,62].…”

Regioselective Alkoxylation of 2,2,4‐Trimethyl‐1,3‐pentanediol

“…The product 2 bears a resemblance to precursors to extended surfactants. The latter contain a spacer section of intermediate polarity between the hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail [12][13][14][15]. While (2) contains a polyethoxylate block and a polypropoxylate block characteristic of a spacer, the lipophilic tail portion of 2 is atypical, being shorter, more highly branched, and containing a hindered hydroxyl group.…”