Ethoxyresorufin-<i>O</i>-deethylase (EROD) Activity in Fish as a Biomarker of Chemical Exposure

Whyte, Jeffrey J.; Jung, Robin E.; Schmitt, Christopher J.; Tillitt, Donald E.

doi:10.1080/10408440091159239

Cited by 676 publications

(420 citation statements)

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“…Although certain substances (e.g. PCB, PAH, dioxins or pesticides) have been shown to induce isoform CYP1A and EROD 519 activity in fish in both the laboratory and natural conditions (extensive reviews written by Van der Oost et al 2003 andWhyte et al 2000), no significant correlation was found between the phase I biochemical markers and the results of chemical analyses in our study. One possible explanation for our non-correlative results could be the differences in the predicate values of various isoforms of CYP 450.…”

Section: Enzymes Of Phase I Of Xenobiotic Detoxificationcontrasting

confidence: 41%

“…The rapid rise of EROD activity after 1-3 days of exposure is typical for compounds that are easily metabolized (PAH) (Sleiderink and Boon 1996;Wolkers et al 1996). On the other hand, in the case of halogenated inducers (e. g. PCDD/F or PCB), the induction of EROD activity or CYP 450 content lasts much longer (from 3 to 16 weeks) (Whyte et al 2000). Finally, the effects of stress or defense mechanisms which allow the fish to survive in a highly contaminated environment should also be considered.…”

Section: Enzymes Of Phase I Of Xenobiotic Detoxificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its activity is usually one of the first detectable and quantifiable responses of organisms to the presence of AhR agonists. The strongest and most important inducers of EROD activity seem to be polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (especially non-ortho-substituted PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or pesticides (Whyte et al 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Use of Biochemical Markers for the Assessment of Organic Pollutant Contamination of the Vltava river, Czech Republic

et al. 2009

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In this study, selected biochemical markers -cytochrome P450 (CYP 450), ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) -were measured in chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.) liver samples obtained from three locations on the Vltava river (Podolí, Podbaba and Vraňany) and from a control location nmicals commonly known as their inducers. These include polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene and octachlorostyrene measured in chub muscle and polyaromatic hydrocarbons measured in bear Vodňany. The levels of selected biomarkers should correlate with the concentration of cheottom sediments obtained from the same locations. The highest EROD activity (median 101.37 pmol·min -1 ·mg -1 protein), GST activity (median 42.82 nmol·min -1 ·mg -1 protein), and GSH concentration (median 8.01 nmol·mg -1 protein) were found in fish liver from the Podbaba location. There were no significant differences in CYP P450 level or EROD activity among the different locations. In Podbaba, GST activity (P < 0.01) and GSH concentrations (P < 0.001) were significantly higher than in the control location. The results of these analyses were correlated and a significant correlation was found between biochemical markers and their inducers. The results show that the use of biochemical markers in water quality assessment is a convenient method that can supplement classical chemical monitoring.

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Section: Enzymes Of Phase I Of Xenobiotic Detoxificationcontrasting

confidence: 41%

Section: Enzymes Of Phase I Of Xenobiotic Detoxificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Use of Biochemical Markers for the Assessment of Organic Pollutant Contamination of the Vltava river, Czech Republic

et al. 2009

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“…This gene, and the enzymatic activity associated to its protein product, EROD, are classic markers of exposure to dioxin-like pollutants, like dioxins, other organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (van der Oost et al, 2003;Whyte et al, 2000). Hepatic CYP1A mRNA abundance has been directly correlated to the presence of organic pollutants in different fish species (Jarque et al, 2010;Quirós et al, 2007b;Roberts et al, 2005;Roling et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of environmental impact on natural populations of the Mediterranean killifish Aphanius fasciatus by quantitative RNA biomarkers

Kessabi

Navarro

Casado

et al. 2010

Marine Environmental Research

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The Mediterranean killifish, Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821) represents an excellent sentinel species for analysis of environmental impact in coastal areas.Quantitative changes on liver mRNA levels of five stress-related genesmetallothionein (metal exposure), vitellogenin, (estrogenic effects), cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A, dioxin-like compounds), superoxide dismutase (oxidative stress) and HSP70 (general stress)-were tested as markers of exposure to pollutants both in natural populations and in experimental treatments with model effectors. Analysis of fish from a metal-contaminated site in the Tunisian coast (Sfax) indicated that fish presenting spinal deformities (eight times more frequent at this site than in reference sites) showed increased levels of hepatic CYP1A mRNA levels compared to non-deformed fish from the same site or from the reference Louza site, suggesting a combined impact by metals and organic pollutants. Due to the strategy used in their design, these quantitative RNA markers will likely be useful to analyze environmental impacts on other related fish species.

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“…Measurement of the activity of cytochrome P450 isoform CYP1A is widely employed to evaluate the exposure of fish to planar organic contaminants (Whyte et al, 2000). This isoform is induced by dioxins, dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), PAHs, and other compounds that bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR).…”

Section: Erod Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sewage effluent remediation on body size, somatic RNA: DNA ratio, and markers of chemical exposure in three-spined sticklebacks

Pottinger

Cook

Jürgens

et al. 2011

Environment International

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Body mass, fork length, RNA:DNA ratio, specific growth rate, and hepatic EROD activity and CYP1A expression, were measured in three-spined sticklebacks in the River Ray (south west England) at sites downstream of an urban waste water treatment works (WWTW) prior to, and following, remediation of the effluent with granular activated carbon (GAC) tertiary treatment.During the same two-year period fish were also sampled from a neighbouring reference river (R.Ock). The WWTW effluent elevated water temperatures and nutrient content in the R. Ray and rendered a direct comparison of fish populations in the two rivers untenable. Instead, the stability of population parameters within each river during matched pre-and post-remediation periods was compared. Stickleback populations in both rivers were annual but fish in the R. Ray spawned earlier and were larger than those in the R. Ock. In the R. Ray fish gained mass throughout the winter months whereas in the R. Ock growth was much reduced during this period. In fish from the R. Ray the somatic RNA:DNA ratio remained elevated during May-November after remediation, rather than declining as in the same period pre-remediation and as was the case for fish in the R. Ock during both periods. The specific growth rate of the first post-remediation generation of sticklebacks in the R. Ray was higher than that of the previous pre-remediation generation.Following remediation there was no decline in hepatic EROD activity or in the abundance of hepatic CYP1A transcripts in fish in the R. Ray suggesting that the primary route of exposure to contaminants for these fish was not via the water column, and that the change in performance of the fish post-remediation was not impeded by continued exposure to contaminants. Both EROD activity and CYP1A expression increased in fish in the R. Ock during the later stages of the study suggesting that the fish in this river were exposed to an unidentified contaminant episode. This may have been linked with the poorer performance of fish in the R. Ock during the post-remediation period. The improved performance of fish in the R. Ray suggest that there may be factors in good quality secondary treated sewage effluent which can adversely influence the performance of fish populations, directly or indirectly, and which can be removed by tertiary treatment.3

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Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) Activity in Fish as a Biomarker of Chemical Exposure

Cited by 676 publications

References 453 publications

Use of Biochemical Markers for the Assessment of Organic Pollutant Contamination of the Vltava river, Czech Republic

Use of Biochemical Markers for the Assessment of Organic Pollutant Contamination of the Vltava river, Czech Republic

Evaluation of environmental impact on natural populations of the Mediterranean killifish Aphanius fasciatus by quantitative RNA biomarkers

Effects of sewage effluent remediation on body size, somatic RNA: DNA ratio, and markers of chemical exposure in three-spined sticklebacks

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