Ethyl Acetate Extract of Marine Algae, Halymenia durvillei, Provides Photoprotection against UV-Exposure in L929 and HaCaT Cells

Abstract

Halymenia durvillei is a red alga distributed along the coasts of Southeast Asian countries including Thailand. Previous studies have shown that an ethyl acetate fraction of H. durvillei (HDEA), containing major compounds including n-hexadecanoic acid, 2-butyl-5-hexyloctahydro-1H-indene, 3-(hydroxyacetyl) indole and indole-3-carboxylic acid, possesses high antioxidant and anti-lung cancer activities. The present study demonstrated that HDEA could protect mouse skin fibroblasts (L929) and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) against photoaging due to ultraviolet A and B (UVA and UVB) by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1 and MMP3), as well as increasing Nrf2 nuclear translocation, upregulations of mRNA transcripts of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase (HMOX) and glutathione S-transferase pi1 (GSTP1), and procollagen synthesis. The results indicate that HDEA has the potential to protect skin cells from UV irradiation through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, which leads to decreasing intracellular ROS and MMP production, along with the restoration of skin collagen.

The Safety and Efficacy of 1-Monoeicosapentaenoin Isolated from the Trebouxiophyceae Micractinium on Anti-Wrinkle: A Split-Face Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study

“…The skin ECM is composed mainly of elastic fibers and collagen, which play an important role in the skin tissue and cells by providing a structural framework. Studies have reported that skin sagging and coarse wrinkle formation occurs through ECM degradation by MMPs [ 6 , 7 , 22 ]. Notably, the expression of MMPs is induced by prolonged UV light exposure, which causes wrinkle formation due to the breakdown of ECM proteins and collagen [ 6 , 7 , 23 ].…”

“…Studies have reported that skin sagging and coarse wrinkle formation occurs through ECM degradation by MMPs [ 6 , 7 , 22 ]. Notably, the expression of MMPs is induced by prolonged UV light exposure, which causes wrinkle formation due to the breakdown of ECM proteins and collagen [ 6 , 7 , 23 ]. Therefore, we propose that inhibition of MMP expression is a potential strategy to inhibit wrinkle formation.…”

“…Skin aging is characterized by wrinkle formation accompanied by changes in the generation and breakdown of collagen [ 5 ]. A previous study reported that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production is induced by UVB exposure, which leads to increased extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and wrinkle formation [ 6 , 7 ]. The secretion of MMPs from keratinocytes increasingly impairs collagen synthesis and the degradation of collagen and ECM proteins, leading to wrinkling and skin aging [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Anti-Obesity Effects of Marine Macroalgae Extract Caulerpa lentillifera in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model

“…Moreover, the PA obtained from the methanolic extract of Syzygium litoralle (Myrtaceae) showed antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 44.85 µg/mL [53]. Consistently, PA-enriched Halymenia durvillei extract was able to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as to increase the upregulation of mRNA transcripts of antioxidant enzymes in mouse skin fibroblasts (L929) and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) to promote photoaging activity [54]. Similarly, the present study demonstrates that high-glucose-fed worms treated with CLET, which contains a significant amount of PA, showed decreased intracellular ROS.…”

The Ocean’s Pharmacy: Health Discoveries in Marine Algae

“…Cell assays also focused on skin-related disorders, following consumers' rising aware of skin aging and search for ways to counteract this trend with novel active ingredients [79]. Besides exerting anti-inflammatory effects through the abovementioned general anti-inflammatory mechanisms, some macroalgal compounds additionally had a protective activity of the skin barrier [80], decreased wrinkle formation [81], increased cell proliferation and collagen production in human dermal fibroblasts [82], and downregulated the expression of MMPs [83], contributing to overall skin health. In vivo studies (Table 5) followed the same trend as cell experiments by mainly evaluating general inflammation (n = 7 for macroalgal and n = 2 for microalgal studies) and skin disorders (n = 2, 1 study for each algae type).…”