Ethylene-Induced Gene Expression in Carnation Petals

Woodson, William R.; Lawton, Kay A.

doi:10.1104/pp.87.2.498

Cited by 86 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Total RNA was extracted from frozen tissue as described elsewhere (29,30 (4). We previously reported that exposing preclimacteric petals to 7.5 ttL/L ethylene for 3 h was sufficient to induce senescence-related gene expression (14).…”

Section: Rna Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously reported that exposing preclimacteric petals to 7.5 ttL/L ethylene for 3 h was sufficient to induce senescence-related gene expression (14). However, induction of premature petal senescence and ethylene synthesis requires ethylene exposure for a longer duration (30). To examine the effects of transient ethylene exposure on senescence-related mRNAs; precimacteric flowers were exposed to 10 AL/L ethylene for 3 or 12 h.…”

Section: Rna Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RNA was extracted at various times after transferring flowers to NBD and senescence-related transcript level was determined by RNA blot analysis (Fig. 3) (30) and exposed to 10 ,L/L ethylene for 6 h.…”

Section: Rna Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these changes relate temporally to the onset of increased ethylene biosynthesis and are the result of increased expression of specific senescence-related mRNAs (14). Accumulation of some of these senescence-related mRNAs can be prevented by inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis or action (14,30). Given the strict requirement for perception of ethylene in the induction of petal senescence, the role of ethylene in the regulation of senescence-related genes is of interest.…”

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Regulation of Senescence-Related Gene Expression in Carnation Flower Petals by Ethylene

Lawton¹,

Raghothama²,

Goldsbrough³

et al. 1990

Plant Physiol.

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Ethylene plays a regulatory role in camation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flower senescence. Petal senescence coincides with a burst of ethylene production, is induced prematurely in response to exogenous ethylene, and is delayed by inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis or action. We have investigated the role of ethylene in the regulation of three senescence-related cDNA clones isolated from a senescent camation petal library (KA Lawton et al. [1989] Plant Physiol 90: 690-696). Expression of two of the cloned mRNAs in response to ethylene is floral specific, while the expression of another mRNA can be induced in both leaves and flowers exposed to ethylene. Although ethylene induces expression of these mRNAs in petals, message abundance decreases when flowers are removed from ethylene unless an autoenhancement of ethylene production is induced. This indicates continued perception of ethylene is required for their expression. Interruption of ethylene action following the onset of natural senescence results in a substantial decrease in transcript abundance of two of these mRNAs. However, the abundance of another mRNA remains unaffected, indicating this gene responds to temporal cues as well as to ethylene. As flowers age the dosage of exogenous ethylene required to induce expression of the cloned mRNAs decreases, indicating sensitivity to ethylene changes as the tissue matures. Nuclear run-on transcription experiments indicate that relative transcription rates of cloned mRNAs increase in response to exogenous ethylene. morphological symptom of senescence. Inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis or action delay the onset of senescence as well as the associated increase in ethylene biosynthesis. Exposing preclimacteric flowers to exogenous ethylene induces premature petal senescence and an autoenhancement of ethylene production.Flower senescence in carnation is associated with changes in gene expression involving both protein and mRNA changes (29). Some of these changes relate temporally to the onset of increased ethylene biosynthesis and are the result of increased expression of specific senescence-related mRNAs (14). Accumulation of some of these senescence-related mRNAs can be prevented by inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis or action (14, 30). Given the strict requirement for perception of ethylene in the induction of petal senescence, the role of ethylene in the regulation of senescence-related genes is of interest.To begin to understand the mechanism of ethylene action during flower senescence, we examined the response of three cloned petal senescence-related mRNAs to ethylene. We show that continued perception of ethylene is required for senescence-related gene expression. Furthermore, changes in senescence-related gene expression are related to changes in transcription rate, ethylene concentration, and tissue responsiveness to ethylene. Our results indicate ethylene modulates senescence-related gene expression in carnation petals by a variety of mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODSEthylene plays a regulatory ro...

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Section: Rna Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rna Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rna Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regulation of Senescence-Related Gene Expression in Carnation Flower Petals by Ethylene

Lawton¹,

Raghothama²,

Goldsbrough³

et al. 1990

Plant Physiol.

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“…Total RNA was extracted from frozen tissue as previously described (28,29), separated electrophoretically on 1% agarose gels containing 2.2 M formaldehyde, and transferred to supported nitrocellulose. The nitrocellulose filters were UV cross-linked with RNA using a controlled UV energy source (Strataliker from Stratagene).…”

Section: Rna Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Ethylene Biosynthetic Pathway Transcripts in Senescing Carnation Flowers

Woodson¹,

Park²,

Drory³

et al. 1992

Plant Physiol.

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214

130

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We have examined the expression of mRNAs for S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (EC 2.5.1.6), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (EC 4.4.1.14), and the ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) in various floral organs of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) during the increase in ethylene biosynthesis associated with petal senescence. The abundance of ACC synthase and EFE mRNAs increased and S-adenosylmethionine synthetase transcripts decreased concomitantly with the ethylene climacteric in senescing petals. The increase in abundance of ACC synthase and EFE mRNAs in aging flowers was prevented by treatment with the ethylene action inhibitor 2,5-norbornadiene. Furthermore, an increase in ACC synthase and EFE transcripts was detected in petals from presenescent flowers within 3 to 6 hours of exposure to 2 microliters per liter of ethylene. The increase in ethylene production by senescing petals was associated with a concomitant increase in ethylene biosynthesis in styles, ovary, and receptacle tissues. In all tissues, this increase was associated with increased activities of ACC synthase and EFE. The increase in EFE activities by all floral organs examined was correlated with increased abundance of EFE transcripts. In contrast, the level of ACC synthase mRNA, as detected by the cDNA probe pCARACC3, did not always reflect enzyme activity. The combined tissues of the pistil exhibited high rates of ACC synthase activity but contained low levels of ACC synthase mRNAs homologous to pCARACC3. In addition, pollinated styles exhibited a rapid increase in ethylene production and ACC synthase activity but did not accumulate detectable levels of ACC synthase mRNA until several hours after the initiation of ethylene production. These results suggest that transcripts for ACC synthase leading to the early postpollination increase in ACC synthase activity and ethylene production are substantially different from the mRNA for the ethylene-responsive gene represented by pCARACC3.Ethylene biosynthesis in plant tissues is under strict metabolic regulation and subject to induction by a variety ofsignals including mechanical wounding, auxin, and endogenous developmental factors in senescing flowers and ripening fruit (30). The ethylene biosynthetic pathway was elucidated by Adams and Yang (1) and is Met--SAM2--ACC--ethylene.

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Postpollination Flower Development

O’Neill

Nadeau²

1996

Horticultural Reviews

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Ethylene-Induced Gene Expression in Carnation Petals

Cited by 86 publications

References 27 publications

Regulation of Senescence-Related Gene Expression in Carnation Flower Petals by Ethylene

Regulation of Senescence-Related Gene Expression in Carnation Flower Petals by Ethylene

Expression of Ethylene Biosynthetic Pathway Transcripts in Senescing Carnation Flowers

Postpollination Flower Development

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