Ethylene Insensitivity Conferred by
            <i>Arabidopsis</i>
            ERS Gene

Hua, Jian; Chang, Caren; Sun, Qi; Meyerowitz, Elliot M.

doi:10.1126/science.7569898

Cited by 576 publications

(374 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

367

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Unlike ETR1 and the other two LeETR proteins, NR lacks a response regulator domain (Wilkinson et al, 1995). In this regard NR exhibits similarity to Arabidopsis ERS, also missing the response regulator domain (Hua et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential regulation of the tomato ETR gene family throughout plant development

1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryEthylene perception in plants is co-ordinated by multiple hormone receptor candidates sharing sequence commonalties with prokaryotic environmental sensor proteins known as two-component regulators. Two tomato homologs of the Arabidopsis ethylene receptor ETR1 were cloned from a root cDNA library. Both cDNAs, termed LeETR1 and LeETR2, were highly homologous to ETR1, exhibiting~90% deduced amino acid sequence similarity and 80% deduced amino acid sequence identity. LeETR1 and LeETR2 contained all the major structural elements of two-component regulators, including the response regulator motif absent in LeETR3, the gene encoding tomato NEVER RIPE (NR). Using RNase protection analysis, the mRNAs of LeETR1, LeETR2 and NR were quantified in tissues engaged in key processes of the plant life cycle, including seed germination, shoot elongation, leaf and flower senescence, floral abscission, fruit set and fruit ripening. LeETR1 was expressed constitutively in all plant tissues examined. LeETR2 mRNA was expressed at low levels throughout the plant but was induced in imbibing tomato seeds prior to germination and was down-regulated in elongating seedlings and senescing leaf petioles. NR expression was developmentally regulated in floral ovaries and ripening fruit. Notably, hormonal regulation of NR was highly tissue-specific. Ethylene biosynthesis induced NR mRNA accumulation in ripening fruit but not in elongating seedlings or in senescing leaves or flowers. Furthermore, the abundance of mRNAs for all three LeETR genes remained uniform in multiple plant tissues experiencing marked changes in ethylene sensitivity, including the cell separation layer throughout tomato flower abscission.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential regulation of the tomato ETR gene family throughout plant development

1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, their overlapping functions provide a simple explanation why recessive alleles have not been identified at the ABl7 and AB12 loci on the basis of seed germination on ABA. In this regard, ABA signaling is reminiscent of the ethylene response pathway in which ETRl and its homolog ERS have been proposed to act as redundant hormone sensors and in which only semidominant alleles have been recovered at the ETR7 locus (Hua et al, 1995).…”

Section: Possible Molecular Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE2 (ABI2) and ABI1 genes encode homologous protein phosphatases 2C involved in abscisic acid signal transduction.

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abscisic acid (ABA) mediates seed maturation and adaptive responses t o environmental stress. In Arabidopsis, the ABA-INSENSITIVEl (ABll) protein phosphatase 2C is required for proper ABA responsiveness both in seeds and in vegetative tissues. To determine whether the lack of recessive alleles at the corresponding locus could be explained by the existence of redundant genes, we initiated a search for ABl7 homologs. One such homolog turned out t o be the A612 locus, whose abi2-7 mutation was previously known t o decrease ABA sensitivity. Whereas abi7-7 is (semi)dominant, abi2-7 has been described as recessive and maternally controlled at the germination stage. Unexpectedly, the sequence of the abi2-7 mutation showed that it converts Gly-168 t o Asp, which is precisely the same amino acid substitution found in abi7-7 and at the coincidental position within the A B l l phosphatase domain (Gly-180 t o Asp). In vitro assays and functional complementation studies in yeast confirmed that the AB12 protein is an active protein phosphatase 2C and that the abi2-7 mutation reduced phosphatase activity as well as affinity t o Mg2+. Although a number of differences between the two mutants in adaptive responses t o stress have been reported, quantitative comparisons of other major phenotypes showed that the effects of both abi7-7 and abi2-7 on these processes are nearly indistinguishable. Thus, the homologous ABll and AB12 phosphatases appear t o assume partially redundant functions in ABA signaling, which may provide a mechanism t o maintain informational homeostasis.

show abstract

“…15 Ethylene-insensitive ers1 mutant shows increased cell expansion in leaf epidermal cells, 15 whereas the ctr1 mutation Figure 1. The reduced leaf expansion of hos1-3 is insensitive to STS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Furthermore, ethylene insensitive mutants, such as ethylene receptor 1 (etr1) and ethylene response sensor 1 (ers1), show increased leaf size. 15,16 Five receptor isoforms are responsible for ethylene perception: ETR1, ETR2, ERS1, ERS2, and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 4 (EIN4). 17 Their ethylene perception is integrated into a negative regulator of ethylene signaling, CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1 (CTR1) Ser/Thr protein kinase, 18 which in turn regulates a series of transcriptional cascades in order to control ethylene-dependent physiological processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The E3 ubiquitin ligase HOS1 is involved in ethylene regulation of leaf expansion inArabidopsis

Lee

Seo

2015

Plant Signaling & Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ethylene regulates a variety of physiological processes, such as flowering, senescence, abscission, and fruit ripening. In particular, leaf expansion is also controlled by ethylene in Arabidopsis. Exogenous treatment with ethylene inhibits leaf expansion, and consistently, ethylene insensitive mutants show increased leaf area. Here, we report that the RING finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1 (HOS1) regulates leaf expansion in an ethylene signaling pathway. The HOS1-deficient mutant showed reduced leaf area and was insensitive to ethylene perception inhibitor, silver thiosulfate (STS). Accordingly, genes encoding ethylene signaling components were significantly up-regulated in hos1-3. This study demonstrates that the HOS1 protein is involved in ethylene signal transduction for the proper regulation of leaf expansion possibly under environmentally stressful conditions.Leaf expansion is a crucial process that not only determines the shape and size of mature leaves but also ensures its photosynthetic capacity for plant growth and development. 1,2 It is influenced by multiplicity of environmental factors, such as water availability and day length. 3,4 In addition, endogenous hormone signaling is also intensively involved in the control of leaf expansion. Promotive roles of auxin, brassinosteroid, and gibberellin in leaf expansion have been demonstrated. [5][6][7] The simple hydrocarbon ethylene is a gaseous plant hormone that regulates a variety of developmental processes, such as seed germination, cell elongation, abscission, senescence, sex determination, and fruit ripening. [8][9][10][11][12][13] It has been also proposed that ethylene negatively regulates leaf expansion process. Exogenous ethylene treatment results in reduced leaf area. 14 Furthermore, ethylene insensitive mutants, such as ethylene receptor 1 (etr1) and ethylene response sensor 1 (ers1), show increased leaf size. 15,16 Five receptor isoforms are responsible for ethylene perception: ETR1, ETR2, ERS1, ERS2, and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 4 (EIN4). 17 Their ethylene perception is integrated into a negative regulator of ethylene signaling, CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1 (CTR1) Ser/Thr protein kinase, 18 which in turn regulates a series of transcriptional cascades in order to control ethylene-dependent physiological processes. EIN2 is a representative positive signaling regulator and subsequently activates genes encoding EIN3 and related EIN3-LIKE (EIL), which further regulate expression of ETHYLENE-RESPONSE FACTORs (ERFs). 19,20 In the presence of ethylene, ethylene receptors inactivate kinase activity of CTR1 so that subsequent transcriptional cascades are activated. 21 Although ethylene signaling pathways have been intensively investigated, its intricate networks with other signaling pathways remain to be unraveled.The RING-type E3 ligase HOS1 was originally reported as cold signaling attenuator. 22 The cold-activated HOS1 protein executes protein turnover of the INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION1 (ICE1) MYC-l...

show abstract

Ethylene Insensitivity Conferred by Arabidopsis ERS Gene

Cited by 576 publications

References 15 publications

Differential regulation of the tomato ETR gene family throughout plant development

Differential regulation of the tomato ETR gene family throughout plant development

The Arabidopsis ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE2 (ABI2) and ABI1 genes encode homologous protein phosphatases 2C involved in abscisic acid signal transduction.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase HOS1 is involved in ethylene regulation of leaf expansion inArabidopsis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About