Etiologic determinants of abruptio placentae

Abstract

Severe fetal growth restriction, prolonged rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, hypertension (before pregnancy and pregnancy-induced), cigarette smoking, advanced maternal age, unmarried status, and male fetal gender are significant etiologic determinants of placental abruption. Non-SGA determinants appear to operate largely independently of their effects on fetal growth.

Risk and risk estimation of placental abruption

“…9 Regarding factors previously known to be related to placental abruption, our findings of a 3-fold increased risk of placental abruption in pregnancies with IUGR fetuses is in a similar range as Kramer and co-workers. However, they subdivided their results into women with 4 fetuses between mild IUGR < -15% and > -25% (OR = 1.3) and severe IUGR < -25% (OR = 4.0).…”

“…One strength of this study is that most previously known risk factors for placental abruption were of similar size, as reported earlier. The routine dating of 4 pregnancy by ultrasound at 18 to 20 weeks of gestation, used here in the definition of IUGR and fetal loss, would represent another strength. In addition, ours is a fairly large study, including both personal interviews and an examination of medical records.…”

“…The etiology of placental 2,3 abruption is unknown, but it occurs more frequently among smokers, in hypertensive pregnancies, in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), in instances of trauma, with advancing maternal age, in male fetuses, and in women with a previous placental abruption. 4 Recently, placental abruption has been reported to be more prevalent in thrombophilic pregnancies and in women with a familial history of venous thromboembolism. 56 Most risk factors for placental abruption are also related to increased risk of venous thromboembolism.…”

Selected Pregnancy Variables in Women With Placental Abruption

“…Premature separation of the placenta occurs in only 1 % of all pregnancies, yet it is an important cause of stillbirth, preterm delivery, early neonatal death and even maternal death 1 . Placental abruptio accounts for 20 % to 25 % of antepartum hemorrhages.…”

Abruptio Placentae – Risk Factors and Clinical Manifestations

“…In our study premature rupture of membranes was found in 14.44 % cases. Pregnancy induced hypertension is a major risk factor for abruptio placentae [12] . In our series, 38.89 % cases had pregnancy induced hypertension.…”