Etiologic diagnosis of communityacquired pneumonia in children

Background: Pneumococcal disease is common cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children worldwide. The severity of pneumococcal diseases determines their high socio-economic significance. Aims: Estimate the burden of pneumococcal infection and vaccination coverage in Russia. Methods: The data was obtained from federal surveillance system. The information obtained was analyzed using descriptive statistics methods. Results: The annual incidence of community-acquired pneumonia in Russia was 491.7/100000 in 2011-2019. It ranges from 359.8/100000 among adults of working age to 1505.4/100000 among children 1-2 years old. The upward trend of incidence is observed throughout the period, most expressive among school-age children (7-17 years old). Total 29.2% of all pneumonia have an identified etiology. 94% of pneumonia with known etiology are bacterial, 8.4% among it are pneumococcal. Pneumonia accounts for 57% of all deaths from respiratory diseases among children under five (3.7/100000) and 34% among elderly. The death rate from pneumonia in 2009-2018 tends to decrease. In 2018, 25.5 thousand deaths from pneumonia were registered (17.5/100000). The highest rate is observed among children under one year (14.0 /100000) and elderly (41.2 /100000). There is a downward trend in incidence of otitis media. The incidence in children under 14 was 2612.6/100 000 in 2018. The incidence of bacterial meningitis is 1.4/100 000. Every year 2-3 thousand cases are registered, 43-52% of which are among children (3.04/100000., maximally in children under one year old, 13.2/100000). The level of vaccination against pneumococcal infection is increasing annually, but the proportion of children who have received a completed course of vaccination remains insufficient (64.6% in 2019). Coverage among the adult population was 2.3% (3.8% among those over 60). The main contingents of vaccinated adults are conscripts (coverage 67.4%) and people with chronic lung diseases (coverage 15.1%). Conclusions: The socio-economic and epidemiological burden of diseases associated with pneumococcal infection in Russia remains high. Accurate assessment of morbidity and mortality rates caused by St. pneumoniae diseases isnt possible due to the insufficient level of their ethological identification. Further efforts are required to achieve high level of herd immunity against pneumococcal infection through vaccine prevention during COVID-19 pandemic.

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Pneumococcal infection in Russia: state of the issue

Брико

Korshunov

Lomonosov

2021

Annals RAMS

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On the issue of the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children

Khaliullina,

Anokhin,

Gataullin

et al. 2024

Ross. vestn. perinatol. pediatr.

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According to global statistics, the number of cases of community-acquired pneumonia in children exceeds 150 million per year, and despite the introduction of vaccinations, this figure has not significantly decreased. Respiratory viruses, particularly respiratory syncytial virus, are recognized as the main cause of community-acquired pneumonia among preschool children during non-epidemic periods. Pneumococci also continue to play a significant role among bacterial pathogens. There is a significant increase in the prevalence of M. pneumoniae in the etiological structure of community-acquired pneumonia in recent years. Modern clinical guidelines for the use of antibiotics recommend taking into account patient age, vaccination status, and data on circulating pneumococcal strains when prescribing treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent relaxation of strict restrictions in the last two years have led to changes in the structure of infectious diseases, including the causes of lower respiratory tract infections.

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Respiratory viral infections in the lower respiratory tract failure (Literature review)

Бабаченко

Kozyrev²,

Шарипова³

et al. 2021

jour

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The sharp increase in viral pneumonia against the background of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 requires more attention to the study of the role of viruses in damage to the lower respiratory tract, including their etiological significance in the development of community-acquired pneumonia. Modern possibilities of laboratory diagnostics make it possible not only to identify and study respiratory viruses, but also to help differentiate active viral infections as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease from virus carriers. The review describes the epidemiological and clinical features of the most relevant or less studied pneumotropic viral infections in children (respiratory syncytial, adenovirus, bocavirus, metapneumovirus), including their role in the etiology of pneumonia in children. Understanding the viral etiology of pneumonia in children will reduce the antibacterial load, which will help to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and slow the emergence of antimicrobialresistant bacterial strains.

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Etiologic diagnosis of communityacquired pneumonia in children

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Pneumococcal infection in Russia: state of the issue

Pneumococcal infection in Russia: state of the issue

On the issue of the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children

Respiratory viral infections in the lower respiratory tract failure (Literature review)

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