Etiological pathways of depressive and anxiety symptoms linked to personality traits: A genetically-informative longitudinal study

Takahashi, Yusuke; Yamagata, Shinji; Ritchie, Stuart J.; Barker, Edward D.; Ando, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.004

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Such a finding suggests that anxiety is, to some extent, more difficult to alleviate through positive affect than depression. It is possible that according to the influential tripartite [ 54 ] and quadripartite model [ 55 ], a lack of positive affect was the core component for depression [ 56 ], whereas anxiety was related to personal trait [ 57 , 58 ] and was more likely to be influenced by external factors such as heavy workload of healthcare duties during COVID-19 [ 59 , 60 ]. Therefore, given that the relationship between stress and anxiety could not be reduced by positive affect, interventions such as emotional freedom techniques [ 61 ] and mindfulness-based breathing therapy practices [ 62 ] can be formulated to mitigate the level of anxiety among healthcare workers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Affect Moderates the Influence of Perceived Stress on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Wang

Luo

Guo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a profound psychological impact on healthcare workers. However, the role of positive affect in moderating the effect of perceived stress on the psychological states of healthcare workers remains unknown. This study aimed to analyze the moderating effect of positive affect on the association between stress and the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationships between perceived stress (the Perceived Stress Scale), positive affect (the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), depression (the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and anxiety (the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale) during the COVID-19 pandemic in 644 Chinese healthcare workers who completed online self-reports. The results revealed a significant negative association between positive affect and psychological problems, including stress, depression, and anxiety. At the total group level, multiple regression analysis showed that positive affect alleviated the influence of perceived stress on depression, but no significant moderating effect was found for anxiety. In the subgroups divided by perceived stress, the moderating effect of positive affect on depression was only significant in healthcare workers with a high level of perceived stress. These results suggested that positive affect played a moderative role in alleviating the effect of stress on depression among healthcare workers, particularly those with a high level of stress, thus emphasizing the importance of positive affect as an intervention strategy for promoting the mental health of healthcare workers in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Affect Moderates the Influence of Perceived Stress on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Wang

Luo

Guo

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…2 A recent twin study sought to explain both the comorbidity and distinctive nature of the disorders and found that both depression and anxiety have a positive genetic correlation with behavioral inhibition (response to negative stimuli), but only depression has a negative genetic correlation with behavioral activation (response to positive stimuli). 18 Proposed risk factors associated with the comorbidity of depression and anxiety include female sex, younger age, higher educational level, and childhood trauma 19 as well as genetics 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of genetic risk to the comorbidity of depression and anxiety: a multi-site electronic health records study

Coombes

Landi

Choi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Importance: Depression and anxiety are common and highly comorbid, posing a clinical and public health concern because such comorbidity is associated with poorer outcomes. Objective: To evaluate association of genetic risk scores with depression and anxiety diagnosis either in isolation or comorbid with each other. Design: International Classification of Diseases (ICD) ninth and tenth edition codes were extracted from longitudinal electronic health records (EHR) from four EHR-linked biobanks with genetic data available. Data analysis was performed between February 2021 to October 2021. Setting: EHR-linked biorepository study. Participants: Across the four biobanks, 140947 patients (80601 female [57.2%] including 109592 European ancestry [77.8%], 22321 African ancestry [15.8%], and 9034 Hispanic [6.4%]) were included in the study. Main outcomes and measures: Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for depression and anxiety were computed for all participants. They were assessed for diagnosis of depression and anxiety using ICD9/10 codes. The primary outcome was a four-level depression/anxiety diagnosis group variable: neither, depression-only, anxiety-only, and comorbid. Estimated effect measures include odds ratios and the proportion of variance on the liability scale explained by the PRS. Results: 95992 patients had neither diagnosis (68.1%), 14918 depression-only (10.6%), 12682 anxiety-only (9.0%), and 17355 comorbid (12.3%). PRS for depression and anxiety predicted their respective diagnoses within each biobank and each ancestry with the exception of anxiety-PRS not predicting anxiety in any ancestral group from one biobank. In the meta-analysis across participants of European ancestries, both PRSs for depression and anxiety were higher in each diagnosis group compared to controls. Notably, depression-PRS (OR=1.20 per SD increase in PRS; 95% CI= 1.18-1.23) and anxiety-PRS (OR=1.07; 95% CI=1.05-1.09) had the largest effect size for the comorbid group when compared to controls. The confidence interval for the depression-PRS effect did not overlap across groups demonstrating a gradient of genetic risk across the four diagnosis groups. Conclusions and Relevance: The genetic risk of depression and anxiety make distinct contributions to the risk of comorbid depression and anxiety, supporting the hypothesis that the correlated disorders represent distinct nosological entities.

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“…A recent twin study showed that BI specifically predicted adolescent SA (and not other internalizing disorders); BI shared both genetic (20%) and environmental (16%) variance with adolescent anxiety (Bourdon et al, 2019). A twowave twin study of late adolescents/young adults using the BIS/ BAS scales demonstrated that the genetic variance in BIS scores accounted for genetic effects on both depression and generalized anxiety (measured later), whereas the genetic variance in the BAS scores predicted only depression (Takahashi et al, 2021). Thus, biometric studies implicate genetic and non-shared environmental factors in the BI-SA association, but a study such as ours with a large sample size, multimodal assessment, and more than two ages studied is greatly needed to solidify our understanding.…”

Section: Overview Of the Genetic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood inhibition predicts adolescent social anxiety: Findings from a longitudinal twin study

et al. 2022

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An enduring issue in the study of mental health is identifying developmental processes that explain how childhood characteristics progress to maladaptive forms. We examine the role that behavioral inhibition (BI) has on social anxiety (SA) during adolescence in 868 families of twins assessed at ages 8, 13, and 15 years. Multimodal assessments of BI and SA were completed at each phase, with additional measures (e.g., parenting stress) for parents and twins. Analyses were conducted in several steps: first, we used a cross-lagged panel model to demonstrate bidirectional paths between BI and SA; second a biometric Cholesky decomposition showed that both genetic and environmental influences on childhood BI also affect adolescent SA; next, multilevel phenotypic models tested moderation effects between BI and SA. We tested seven potential moderators of the BI to SA prediction in individual models and included only those that emerged as significant in a final conditional model examining predictors of SA. Though several main effects emerged as significant, only parenting stress had a significant interaction with BI to predict SA, highlighting the importance of environmental moderators in models examining temperamental effects on later psychological symptoms. This comprehensive assessment continues to build the prototype for such developmental psychopathology models.

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Etiological pathways of depressive and anxiety symptoms linked to personality traits: A genetically-informative longitudinal study

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

Positive Affect Moderates the Influence of Perceived Stress on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Positive Affect Moderates the Influence of Perceived Stress on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The contribution of genetic risk to the comorbidity of depression and anxiety: a multi-site electronic health records study

Childhood inhibition predicts adolescent social anxiety: Findings from a longitudinal twin study

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