Etiology and classification of food impaction around implants and implant‐retained prosthesis

Abstract

Background Food impaction is a common risk factor for the initiation of peri‐implant inflammation and failure of the osseointegrated implant. Although clinicians do acknowledge the presence of food impaction around implants and implant‐retained prosthesis, no classification system has yet classified the food impaction around the implant and implant‐retained prosthesis. Purpose The present paper aims to identify and classify the plausible etiology of food impaction around implants and implant‐related prosthesis. Materials and Methods The following search terms were utilized for data search: “Food Impaction” AND “Implants” AND “Food Impaction” AND “Perimplantitis” AND “Food Impaction” AND “Classification.” Articles that were written in the English language in PubMed and Cochrane Library database from 1930 till September 2018 were scrutinized. A total of 24 articles were scrutinized, out of which only 15 articles were selected. Results Food impaction around implants is broadly classified into five categories based on the number of implants, nature of implants prosthesis involved for replacement and relation of the implant prosthesis to the adjacent tooth, restoration, or prosthesis. Conclusion This is the first classification designed to classify food impaction around dental implants and implant‐retained prosthesis. The classification can be used by clinicians for optimal diagnosis, interpretation, and treatment plan for patients.

A Single-Center Study of a Resin Inlay Dental Implant-Fixed Prosthesis for Closing Proximal Contact Loss in 89 Patients Who Underwent 3-Year Follow-Up

“…Unlike food lodgment, which can be removed by natural self-cleaning mechanisms, vertical food impaction causes gingivitis and peri-implantitis [ 15 , 16 ]. Also, the faulty contours and traumatic occlusion of PCL can result in vertical food impaction [ 17 ]. The present study observed that the occlusion trauma in adjacent teeth was related to chewing food impaction; resistance when using dental floss can be indicative of occlusion trauma.…”

Clinical assessment of food impaction after implant restoration: a retrospective analysis

“…Except for proximal contact loss, the position of implants, marginal ridge of restoration, filling cusp of opposite teeth, good condition of periodontal tissues, and fullness of gingival papilla are all associated with food impaction (Chopra et al, 2019;Nagarsekar et al, 2016). It should be noted that periodontitis is one of the most important factors for food impaction (Bidra, 2014); however, periodontitis must be under strict control before dental implant insertion, thus few patients will experience food impaction from severe periodontitis.…”

“…Although the success rate for dental implants in patients has been reported to be excellent (Mello et al, 2017), a number of complications are associated with implant therapy. Specifically, food impaction after prosthetic treatment is a common and irritating problem for patients as well as clinicians (Chopra et al, 2019). Food impaction is a complication with a high prevalence in the population that is frequently observed between implant prostheses and adjacent teeth after long-term follow-up visits, especially in the posterior area (Shin et al, 2014).…”

Analogical and Digital Workflow in the Design and Preparation of the Emergence Profile of Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique (BOPT) Crowns over Implants in the Working Model

“…The BOPT approach enhances both the supracrestal tissue attachment [8] and peri-implant mucosal sealing through collagen fibers that remain stable and thick over time, with greater efficacy in protecting the supporting bone tissues [5,9,10]. Adequate peri-implant soft tissue environment protects against soft tissue recession and works as a mechanical barrier against food impaction, an inevitable and common problem among patients with an implant-supported prosthesis [22]. Food impaction is a common risk factor for the initiation of peri-implant inflammation and failure of the osseointegrated implants in the long term [23] and distinct to food lodgment that is the mere lodgment of food particles and debris around the peri-implant tissues that can be removed by natural self-cleansing mechanisms [24].…”