Etiology and management of aflatoxin contamination.

Cotty, Peter J.; Probst, Claudia; Jaime-Garcia, Ramon

doi:10.1079/9781845930820.0287

Cited by 59 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…AF36 has been rigorously evaluated for risks to the environment and to both humans and animals during the registration process with the USEPA (USEPA ; Cotty and Mellon ; Cotty et al . ). Over 20 years ago, the three countries of North America (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Through displacement of aflatoxin producers, the aflatoxin‐producing potential of fungal communities associated with crops is reduced resulting in less crop contamination (Cotty et al . ). Atoxigenic isolates are usually dispersed with a nutrient (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…During the registration period use of the biopesticide by farmers is limited (Cotty and Mellon ; Cotty et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The vegetative compatibility group to which theUSbiocontrol agentAspergillus flavusAF36 belongs is also endemic to Mexico

et al. 2016

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An USEPA registered biocontrol agent effective at preventing aflatoxin contamination of crops in the US, is also native to Mexico. This should facilitate the path to registration of AF36 as the first biopesticide for aflatoxin mitigation of maize in Mexico. Economic and health benefits to the population of Mexico should result once aflatoxin mitigation programs based on AF36 applications are implemented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The vegetative compatibility group to which theUSbiocontrol agentAspergillus flavusAF36 belongs is also endemic to Mexico

et al. 2016

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“…One biocontrol method that has been very successful in reducing levels of aflatoxin contamination is use of indigenous nonaflatoxin‐producing VCGs of A. flavus to competitively exclude aflatoxin‐producing VCGs (Cotty et al. 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic isolation among sympatric vegetative compatibility groups of the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus

2009

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Aspergillus flavus, a fungal pathogen of animals and both wild and economically important plants, is most recognized for producing aflatoxin, a cancer-causing secondary metabolite that contaminates food and animal feed globally. Aspergillus flavus has two self/nonself recognition systems, a sexual compatibility system and a vegetative incompatibility system, and both play a role in directing gene flow in populations. Aspergillus flavus reproduces clonally in wild and agricultural settings, but whether a cryptic sexual stage exists in nature is currently unknown. We investigated the distribution of genetic variation in 243 samples collected over 4 years from three common vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) in Arizona and Texas from cotton using 24 microsatellite loci and the mating type locus (MAT) to assess population structure and potential gene flow among A. flavus VCGs in sympatric populations. All isolates within a VCG had the same mating type with OD02 having MAT1-2 and both CG136 and MR17 having MAT1-1. Our results support the hypothesis that these three A. flavus VCGs are genetically isolated. We found high levels of genetic differentiation and no evidence of gene flow between VCGs, including VCGs of opposite mating-type. Our results suggest that these VCGs diverged before domestication of agricultural hosts (>10,000 yr bp).

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“…flavus isolates is highly variable ranging from high aflatoxin production to completely low/nontoxic. Thus, the severity of spoilage of food and feed owing to aflatoxin contamination depends on the concentration of AFB 1 produced by isolates [13, 14, 15, 16, 17]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of qualitative and quantitative methods to determine toxicity level of Aspergillus flavus isolates in maize

et al. 2017

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An attempt was made to compare between easy and inexpensive qualitative method (ammonia vapour test) and analytical methods (thin layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for identification of aflatoxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus in maize. In this comparative study the toxicity level of A. flavus isolates exhibited 100% agreement among ammonia vapour test, ELISA and TLC for highly toxigenic (>2000 ppb) and toxigenic (501–2000 ppb) isolates while 88.5% agreement observed for least toxic (<20 ppb) isolates. In ammonia vapour test 51% of A. flavus isolates showed creamish or no colour change corresponding to least toxic/atoxic (<20ppb) category estimated by ELISA. Similarly 22% highly toxic isolates exhibited plum red colour, 12% moderately toxic indicated pink colour and 10% toxic isolates showed red colour. However, 11.5% isolates were found to be false positive in cream colour category (least toxic) and 28.5% false negatives in pink colour (moderately toxic) category. The isolates from different agroclimatic zones of maize in India showed high variability for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production potential ranging from 0.214–8116.61 ppb. Toxigenic potential of Aspergillus flavus isolates in culture was further validated by inoculating maize grain sample with four different isolates with varied toxin producing ability. With good agreement percentage between cultural and analytical methods the study concludes the ammonia vapour test to be easy, inexpensive reliable and time saving method that can be used for segregating or pre-screening of contaminated samples from bulk food/feed stock.

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Etiology and management of aflatoxin contamination.

Cited by 59 publications

References 60 publications

The vegetative compatibility group to which theUSbiocontrol agentAspergillus flavusAF36 belongs is also endemic to Mexico

The vegetative compatibility group to which theUSbiocontrol agentAspergillus flavusAF36 belongs is also endemic to Mexico

Genetic isolation among sympatric vegetative compatibility groups of the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus

Comparative study of qualitative and quantitative methods to determine toxicity level of Aspergillus flavus isolates in maize

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