Etiology of bacterial vaginosis and polymicrobial biofilm formation

Jung, Hyunsul; Ehlers, M.M.; Lombaard, Hennie; Redelinghuys, Mathys J; Kock, Marleen M.

doi:10.1080/1040841x.2017.1291579

Cited by 107 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common genital tract infection in women during their reproductive years, and tends to have a high rate of relapse and recurrence [115]. Typical for BV are increased numbers of anaerobic bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vagnae, and others accompanied by decreased numbers of protective lactobacilli [116].…”

Section: Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Biofilm and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Disease

et al. 2020

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Recognition of the fact that bacterial biofilm may play a role in the pathogenesis of disease has led to an increased focus on identifying diseases that may be biofilm-related. Biofilm infections are typically chronic in nature, as biofilm-residing bacteria can be resilient to both the immune system, antibiotics, and other treatments. This is a comprehensive review describing biofilm diseases in the auditory, the cardiovascular, the digestive, the integumentary, the reproductive, the respiratory, and the urinary system. In most cases reviewed, the biofilms were identified through various imaging technics, in addition to other study approaches. The current knowledge on how biofilm may contribute to the pathogenesis of disease indicates a number of different mechanisms. This spans from biofilm being a mere reservoir of pathogenic bacteria, to playing a more active role, e.g., by contributing to inflammation. Observations also indicate that biofilm does not exclusively occur extracellularly, but may also be formed inside living cells. Furthermore, the presence of biofilm may contribute to development of cancer. In conclusion, this review shows that biofilm is part of many, probably most chronic infections. This is important knowledge for development of effective treatment strategies for such infections.

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Section: Bacterial Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Biofilm and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Disease

et al. 2020

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“…Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most prevalent bacterial vaginal infection in women of reproductive age (Jung et al, 2017;van de Wijgert and Jespers, 2017;Rosca et al, 2019). BV is characterized by a change in the microbial composition of the vaginal ecosystem where the prevailing Lactobacillus spp., associated with an optimal vaginal microbiota, are outnumbered by other microorganisms, including species of the genus Gardnerella and Atopobium vaginae (Ferris et al, 2004;Verhelst et al, 2004;dos Santos Santiago et al, 2012;Jung et al, 2017;Muzny et al, 2019). Noteworthy, the involvement of A. vaginae in BV rarely occurs in the absence of Gardnerella (Bradshaw et al, 2006;Hardy et al, 2015Hardy et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gardnerella vaginalis Enhances Atopobium vaginae Viability in an in vitro Model

Castro¹,

Roșca²,

Cools

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection among women of reproductive age. A hallmark of BV is the presence of a highly structured polymicrobial biofilm on the vaginal epithelium, presumably initiated by facultative anaerobes of the genus Gardnerella, which then becomes a scaffold for other species to adhere to. One of the species often found incorporated in Gardnerella mediated biofilms is Atopobium vaginae. Interestingly, A. vaginae is very rarely found without the presence of Gardnerella. However, not much is known regarding the interactions between A. vaginae and Gardnerella species. This study assessed biological interactions between Gardnerella vaginalis and A. vaginae. In our in vitro model, by using specific Gardnerella and A. vaginae Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA)-Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) probes, we confirmed that A. vaginae was able to incorporate a pre-formed G. vaginalis biofilm, accounting for up to 20% of the total number of biofilm cells. However, our findings showed that almost 92% of A. vaginae cells lost viability after 48 h of mono-species planktonic growth, but were able to maintain viability when co-cultured with Gardnerella or after pre-conditioning with cell-free supernatant of Gardnerella cultures. While the in vitro conditions are very different from the in vivo microenvironment, this study contributes to a better understanding of why A. vaginae vaginal colonization rarely occurs in the absence of Gardnerella. Overall, this highlights the importance of microbial interactions between BV-associated bacteria and demands more studies focused on the polymicrobial bacterial communities found in BV.

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“…Microbiologically, BV is characterized by depletion of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-producing lactobacilli with an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. Although the exact mechanisms and sequence of events leading to the infective process have not yet been fully elucidated, Gardnerella vaginalis is thought to be a key player in the pathogenesis of BV, since it provides the niche suitable for colonization by anaerobic bacteria, which are primarily responsible for the clinical symptoms of BV (Turovskiy et al, 2011;Jung et al, 2017). There is general consensus that BV is characterized by the presence of anaerobic polymicrobial biofilm, consisting mainly of Gardnerella vaginalis (Swidsinski et al, 2008).…”

Section: Vaginal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Based Probiotics as Novel Antimicrobial Agents to Prevent and Treat Vaginal Infections

et al. 2020

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Vaginal infections affect 70% of women during their lifetimes and account for millions of annual doctors' visits. These infections are predominantly represented by vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Although standard antimicrobial agents remain the major strategy for the prevention and treatment of vaginal infections, both VVC and BV are difficult to treat due to high rates of resistance and recurrence, high probability of complications, and negative effects on the vaginal microbiota. This review focuses on a new approach of yeast-based probiotics for the prevention and/or treatment of these common vaginal infections.

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Etiology of bacterial vaginosis and polymicrobial biofilm formation

Cited by 107 publications

References 187 publications

Bacterial Biofilm and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Disease

Bacterial Biofilm and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Disease

Gardnerella vaginalis Enhances Atopobium vaginae Viability in an in vitro Model

Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Based Probiotics as Novel Antimicrobial Agents to Prevent and Treat Vaginal Infections

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