Etiology of Non-Rotaviral Diarrhea in Hospitalized Children Under Five Years of Age

Chaaithanya, Itta Krishna; Bhattacharya, Debdutta; Patil, Tanmayi; Ghargi, Kirti Vittal; Kalal, Shanta; Roy, Subarna

doi:10.1007/s12098-020-03299-8

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, the introduction of RV vaccine could provide effective protection for children ( 5 ). Therefore, other diarrheal viruses, such as HAdV, HAstV, and SaV have attracted more attention ( 6 ). Currently, routine diagnostics are performed for RV and NoV using enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), but surveillance for HAdV, HAstV, and SaV in China is still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus, Astrovirus, and Sapovirus Among Outpatient Children With Acute Diarrhea in Chongqing, China, 2017–2019

Tang

Zhong

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiology of human adenovirus (HAdV), human astrovirus (HAstV), and sapovirus (SaV), children with acute diarrhea in Chongqing, China from 2017 to 2019 were enrolled. Improved surveillance could provide better guidance for diarrhea prevention.MethodsBetween 2017 and 2019, fecal specimens were collected from children <14 years of age presenting with acute diarrhea for treatment at the outpatient department of the Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University. Human HAdV in the fecal specimens was detected by PCR, while RT-PCR was adopted for the detection of HAstV and SaV.ResultsA total of 1,352 fecal specimens were screened in this study. The detection rate of HAdV was 4.44% (60/1352), HAstV was 2.81% (38/1352), and SaV was 1.04% (14/1352). The prevalence of enteric viruses in males was not significantly different to females (p > 0.05). We found 96.67% (58/60) of the HAdV-positive cases, 92.11% (35/38) of the HAstV-positive cases, and 100% (14/14) of the SaV-positive cases among the children under 4 years old. HAdV cases were identified throughout the year, while the infection of HAstV peaked from March to May every year. By contrast, SaV was detected in May, July, and from September to December. In total, 41 strains of HAdV-F were identified, including F41 (39/60) and F40 (2/60). Furthermore, A31, B3, B7, C1, C2, C5, and C6 were also detected in the study. In addition, we detected two genotypes of HAstV, HAstV-1 (34/38) and HAstV-5 (4/38), and two genotypes of SaV, GI0.1 (13/14), GI0.2 (1/14).ConclusionThe enteric viruses HAdV, HAstV, and SaV contribute to the overall burden of diarrhea in Chongqing, especially in children <4 years of age. Two genotypes were identified for HAstV (HAstV-1 and HAstV-5) and SaV (GI.1 and GI.2) with an additional nine genotypes detected in HAdV cases. While the F41 HAdV strain was predominant, HAdV-A31 was also detected in 10% of cases. The study results along with continuous surveillance of enteric viruses will aid in the design and implementation of future enteric vaccines and diarrhea mitigation strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus, Astrovirus, and Sapovirus Among Outpatient Children With Acute Diarrhea in Chongqing, China, 2017–2019

Tang

Zhong

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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“…Tang et al (2022) found that sapovirus significantly contributed to the overall burden of diarrhea in Chongqing, China, particularly in children < 4 y old, with sapoviruses GI and GII being most frequently detected [101]. Similarly, sapovirus genotypes I and II were detected in 3.5% of 742 stool specimens from children < 5 y hospitalized with viral etiologies in southwestern India [102]. In the US, sapovirus was identified in 10% of children < 18 y who were receiving care for diarrhea in both outpatient and inpatient settings [103].…”

Section: Sapovirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common and Potential Emerging Foodborne Viruses: A Comprehensive Review

Olaimat,

Taybeh,

Al-Nabulsi

et al. 2024

Life

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Human viruses and viruses from animals can cause illnesses in humans after the consumption of contaminated food or water. Contamination may occur during preparation by infected food handlers, during food production because of unsuitably controlled working conditions, or following the consumption of animal-based foods contaminated by a zoonotic virus. This review discussed the recent information available on the general and clinical characteristics of viruses, viral foodborne outbreaks and control strategies to prevent the viral contamination of food products and water. Viruses are responsible for the greatest number of illnesses from outbreaks caused by food, and risk assessment experts regard them as a high food safety priority. This concern is well founded, since a significant increase in viral foodborne outbreaks has occurred over the past 20 years. Norovirus, hepatitis A and E viruses, rotavirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and sapovirus are the major common viruses associated with water or foodborne illness outbreaks. It is also suspected that many human viruses including Aichi virus, Nipah virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, H5N1 avian influenza viruses, and coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV) also have the potential to be transmitted via food products. It is evident that the adoption of strict hygienic food processing measures from farm to table is required to prevent viruses from contaminating our food.

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“…As the coverage of rotavirus vaccine expands, it may lead to decrease in diarrhea caused by viral pathogens like rotavirus ( 14 ). Thus, other pathogens of viral diarrhea such as norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus require more attention ( 15 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiological surveillance of viral diarrhea from 2017 to 2019 in Zhangzhou city, Fujian province, China

Guo,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundViral diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children. This study aimed to conduct etiological surveillance of viral diarrhea in Zhangzhou city, Fujian province, China, from 2017 to 2019 to identify the prevalence, distribution, and characteristics of viral pathogens causing gastrointestinal infections in the region.MethodsStool samples were collected from patients with acute diarrhea in Zhangzhou city, Fujian province, China, from 2017 to 2019. Rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus were detected using fluorescence immunochromatography assay.ResultsOf the total 5,627 samples that were collected, at least one of the viruses (rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus) was found to be positive in 1,422 samples. Rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus, were detected in 53.73, 16.68, 15.52, and 14.97%, respectively. Mixed infections were determined in 17.65% of the positive samples. The predominant mixed infections observed were a combination of norovirus and astrovirus, followed by rotavirus and norovirus, and rotavirus and astrovirus. The highest positive rate was observed in the 12–23-month group for rotavirus and adenovirus, while a significantly higher positive rate was observed for norovirus and astrovirus in the 6–11-month group.ConclusionThese findings from this etiological surveillance highlight the significant burden of viral diarrhea in Zhangzhou city, with rotavirus being the predominant pathogen. The identification of common mixed infections provides insights into the complex nature of viral diarrhea transmission. Target interventions and public health strategies should be implemented, particularly during the winter and spring seasons, to prevent and control the spread of viral pathogens causing gastrointestinal infections in this region.

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Etiology of Non-Rotaviral Diarrhea in Hospitalized Children Under Five Years of Age

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus, Astrovirus, and Sapovirus Among Outpatient Children With Acute Diarrhea in Chongqing, China, 2017–2019

Molecular Epidemiology of Human Adenovirus, Astrovirus, and Sapovirus Among Outpatient Children With Acute Diarrhea in Chongqing, China, 2017–2019

Common and Potential Emerging Foodborne Viruses: A Comprehensive Review

Etiological surveillance of viral diarrhea from 2017 to 2019 in Zhangzhou city, Fujian province, China

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